Schistosoma Intercalatum and Relapses of Salmonella Infection in Children

Gendrel, D.; Richard-Lenoble, D; Kombila, M.; Engohan, E.; Nardou, M; Moussavou, A.; Galliot, A; R, Toure

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.1166

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In addition, in areas endemic for helminth parasites, co-infection with gram-negative bacteria, most commonly Salmonella sp., is common [65]. This results in a protracted clinical course of bacterial disease and yet patients show atypical symptoms of typhoid fever displaying only intermittent fever and chills [66], [67]. The reason why the helminth-infected host does not respond to such increases in potentially harmful microbes is not fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Family of Helminth Molecules that Modulate Innate Cell Responses via Molecular Mimicry of Host Antimicrobial Peptides

et al. 2011

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Over the last decade a significant number of studies have highlighted the central role of host antimicrobial (or defence) peptides in modulating the response of innate immune cells to pathogen-associated ligands. In humans, the most widely studied antimicrobial peptide is LL-37, a 37-residue peptide containing an amphipathic helix that is released via proteolytic cleavage of the precursor protein CAP18. Owing to its ability to protect against lethal endotoxaemia and clinically-relevant bacterial infections, LL-37 and its derivatives are seen as attractive candidates for anti-sepsis therapies. We have identified a novel family of molecules secreted by parasitic helminths (helminth defence molecules; HDMs) that exhibit similar biochemical and functional characteristics to human defence peptides, particularly CAP18. The HDM secreted by Fasciola hepatica (FhHDM-1) adopts a predominantly α-helical structure in solution. Processing of FhHDM-1 by F. hepatica cathepsin L1 releases a 34-residue C-terminal fragment containing a conserved amphipathic helix. This is analogous to the proteolytic processing of CAP18 to release LL-37, which modulates innate cell activation by classical toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that full-length recombinant FhHDM-1 and a peptide analogue of the amphipathic C-terminus bind directly to LPS in a concentration-dependent manner, reducing its interaction with both LPS-binding protein (LBP) and the surface of macrophages. Furthermore, FhHDM-1 and the amphipathic C-terminal peptide protect mice against LPS-induced inflammation by significantly reducing the release of inflammatory mediators from macrophages. We propose that HDMs, by mimicking the function of host defence peptides, represent a novel family of innate cell modulators with therapeutic potential in anti-sepsis treatments and prevention of inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Family of Helminth Molecules that Modulate Innate Cell Responses via Molecular Mimicry of Host Antimicrobial Peptides

et al. 2011

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“…While studies do exist that assess the immunological response to schistosomal and Salmonella coinfection, most have been conducted on small samples of patients in Egypt and Brazil in the late 1980s [34]. Few studies to our knowledge have been conducted in Africa (see Table 1) [35–39]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of other studies in Egypt and in Africa have also characterized the relationship between schistosomal infections and urinary typhoid carriers. Because the schistosome eggs cause fibrotic lesions in the urinary tract, typhoid urinary tract infections are persistent and often lead to patients becoming chronic typhoid carriers [35, 53–56]. In one study, patients who were persistent urinary carriers of Salmonella did not initially respond to chloramphenicol treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…interaclatum (species that is localized in the colon and rectum). Whether antischistosomal treatment was administered appeared to affect the response to chloramphenicol or ampicillin treatment for Salmonella [35]. It will also be important to understand whether protected Salmonella bacteria residing inside the schistosomes are shielded from the effects of antibacterial drugs, thereby avoiding the development of drug resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between Salmonella and Schistosomiasis: A Review

Hsiao¹,

Toy²,

Seo³

et al. 2016

PLoS Pathog

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The interaction between schistosomiasis and Salmonella is a particularly important issue in Africa, where dual infection by the parasite and the bacterium are likely common. In this review, the ways in which schistosomiasis affects human biology as it relates to Salmonella are described. Those who are infected by both organisms experience reduced immunological functioning, exhibit irreversible organ damage due to prolonged schistosomiasis infection, and become latent carriers of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi and S. Typhimurium. The sequestration of the bacteria in the parasite leads to ineffective antibiotic treatment because the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and lingering infection may then lead to antimicrobial resistance. These manifestations are likely not just for those dually infected but also for those first infected with schistosomes and, later, Salmonella. More data are needed to better understand dual infection, particularly as it may impact treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis and Salmonella in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…The presence of Salmonella organisms in schistosomiasis patients has been reported in other studies (Tuazon et al, 1985;Barnhill et al, 2011). Furthermore, Schistosoma-Salmonella interactions are seen in all species of Schistosoma, notably S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. intercalatum and S. japonicum (Gendrel, 1993). This association may play an important role in the persistent or delayed Salmonella infections (Bouree et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Frequent carriage of invasive Salmonellae amongst patients infected with schistosomiasis in Sudan

Salem¹,

Bilal²,

Ibrahim³

2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Bacteria-parasite association has been documented as a factor that is responsible for continued and prolonged bacterial infection, such as typhoid and paratyphoid fever in schistosomiasis patients. This work aimed to determine the presence of typhoid and paratyphoid Salmonella among schistosomiasis patients and to evaluate the efficacy of Widal test on such population. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between November 2005 and May 2006 in Managil region, Gezira State, Sudan. A total of 203 males participated in the study. Urine, stool and blood samples were collected and processed for the investigation of schistosomiasis and Salmonella infection based on standard methods. Widal test was performed to estimate diagnostic cut-off value of enteric fever. Of the 203 studied subjects, 42 (20.7%) were diagnosed with Schistosoma haematobium, whereas eight (3.9%) had Schistosoma mansoni infection. Of these, Salmonella species were detected in 30 (60%) cases, of which Salmonella typhi represented 63.3%, followed by Salmonella paratyphi A and B (16.7%, each) and Salmonella paratyphi C (3.3%). Based on the culture results (n=30) as a diagnostic method used for enteric fever, Widal test was positive in 12 cases, with a sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 75%. Of the Widal positive cases, titers of 1:160, 1:320, 1:640 were detected in 58.3, 33.3 and 8.3% of samples, respectively. In schistosomiasis endemic regions, enteric fever was associated with schistosomiasis, which requires investigation of both infections concomitantly. Regardless of the low sensitivity of Widal test, titer of ≥1/160 is a diagnostic value for enteric fever in this study group.

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Schistosoma Intercalatum and Relapses of Salmonella Infection in Children

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

A Family of Helminth Molecules that Modulate Innate Cell Responses via Molecular Mimicry of Host Antimicrobial Peptides

A Family of Helminth Molecules that Modulate Innate Cell Responses via Molecular Mimicry of Host Antimicrobial Peptides

Interaction between Salmonella and Schistosomiasis: A Review

Frequent carriage of invasive Salmonellae amongst patients infected with schistosomiasis in Sudan

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