Schistosomiasis Does Not Affect the Outcome of HCV Infection in Genotype 4-Infected Patients

Allam, Walaa R.; Barakat, Ahmed B.; Zakaria, Zainab; Galal, Gehan; Abdel-Ghafar, Tamer Samir; Eltabbakh, Mohamed; Mikhail, Nabiel; Waked, Imam; Abdelwahab, Sayed F.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0703

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Individuals were predominantly infected with genotype 4 regardless of population type. Genotype 4 was found among blood donors 114 – 117 , pregnant women 118 , village residents 76 , outpatients 119 , Egyptian expatriate general populations 75 , 120 , thalassemia patients 121 , hemodialysis patients 122 , healthcare workers 123 , 124 , children of HCV infected mothers 60 , household contacts of HCV infected individuals 52 , hospitalized populations 125 , diabetic patients 126 , hepatocellular carcinoma patients 127 , chronic liver disease patients 83 , 125 , 128 , 129 , acute viral hepatitis patients 130 – 132 , special clinical populations 133 – 139 , and mixed populations 140 – 142 . Studies also identified a wide array of subtypes for genotype 4 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Kouyoumjian

Chemaitelly

Abu‐Raddad

2018

Sci Rep

167

173

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Egypt is the most affected nation by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and needs a comprehensive characterization of HCV epidemiology to inform the scale-up of treatment and prevention programs. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions were conducted. A total of 25 incidence, 259 prevalence, and 47 genotype studies were identified. Incidence and prevalence levels were high across all populations. Genotype 4 accounted for 94.1% of infections with a relative Shannon Diversity Index of only 14.4%. Pooled mean HCV prevalence was estimated at 11.9% (95% CI = 11.1–12.6%) among the general population, 55.6% (95% CI = 49.4–61.7%) among populations at high risk, 14.3% (95% CI = 10.3–18.8%) among populations at intermediate risk, 56.0% (95% CI = 50.4–61.6%) among populations with liver-related conditions, and 35.0% (95% CI = 27.3–43.1%) among special clinical populations. Mean HCV viremic rate was estimated at 66.7% (95% CI = 61.7–71.5%). Meta-regression indicated 6% lower odds for HCV prevalence for each one-year increment in publication year (AOR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.92–0.96). HCV prevalence is high with evidence for ongoing transmission mainly through healthcare. Genotype diversity is low with genotype 4 dominance. Two-thirds of antibody-positive Egyptians are chronically infected and need treatment. Clinical populations should be prioritized for screening. Despite the large-scale epidemic, prevalence appears to be declining rapidly consistent with a contracting epidemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Kouyoumjian

Chemaitelly

Abu‐Raddad

2018

Sci Rep

167

173

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“…However, a sample size of 17 patients in the previous study is not big enough to draw solid conclusions. Other studies reports found no evidence that schistosomiasis affected the outcome of HCV infected patients [ 53 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Schistosomiasis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection

Gasim

Bella

Adam

2015

Virol J

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a significant health problem in more than 70 countries distributed between Africa, Asia and South America, with an infection rate of one in 30 individuals. Data on Schistosomiasis, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection are scarce; however, there is a high prevalence in countries where schistosomiasis is endemic.MethodsA systematic search was performed on published data from 1980–2014. Published papers in the databases Google, Medline, PubMed, and MiPc library were searched using the keywords epidemiology, pathogenesis and outcomes of HBV, HCV and schistosomiasis and data were extracted from the relevant studies.ResultsThe prevalence of HBV/schistosomiasis co-infection in countries where schistosomiasis is endemic was high, ranging between 9.6 to approximately 64% in Egypt, and a maximum of 15.8% among hospitalized patients in Brazil. Concurrent infection between HBV and schistosomiasis is often associated with countries where schistosomiasis is endemic and may lead to chronic liver inflammation. Similarly, HCV infection rates in schistosomiasis populations range from 1% in Ethiopia reaching up to 50% in Egypt.ConclusionThere is controversy regarding the effects of HBV and HCV on schistosomiasis and vice versa. Vaccination might be a solution to the era of schistosomiasis and co-infection with HBV and HCV.

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“…The effects of S. mansoni infection in HCV infected patients have been reviewed in details elsewhere [ 8 ]. However, the role of S. mansoni infection in exacerbating hepatic morbidities related to HCV infection remain a topic of debate, with other studies reporting no evidence that S. mansoni infection affect the outcome of HCV in infected individuals [ 46 ]. Given the low prevalence of HCV infection observed in the present study population, this HCV infection is likely to account for only a small proportion of chronic liver disease in the studied population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of Schistosoma mansoni/hepatitis C virus and their associated factors among adult individuals living in fishing villages, north-western Tanzania

et al. 2017

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Background Schistosoma mansoni and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are co-existence in sub-Saharan Africa and co-infection is common among humans population. The immunological responses characterized with Th2-immune responses for S. mansoni and Th1-immune responses for HCV are responsible for development hepatic morbidities in infected individuals. However, the co-occurrences of S. mansoni and HCV infection, their related ultrasound detectable morbidities and associated risk factors at community levels have not been examined in fishing communities, north-western Tanzania. In this context, the present study covers that gap.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1924 asymptomatic individuals aged 15–55 years in four fishing villages (Igombe, Igalagala, Sangabuye and Kayenze) of Northwestern Tanzania. A single stool sample was collected from each study participants and examined for S. mansoni eggs using Kato Katz technique. Hepatitis C surface antigen (HCVsAg) was determined from a finger prick blood sample using a rapid test.ResultsOverall, 51.8% (997/1924; 95%CI: 49.6–54.1) of the study participants were infected with S. mansoni and had a mean intensity of 223.7epg (95%; 202.4–247.1). Of the study participants, 90 (4.7%) were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Overall, 2. 4% (47/1924) of the study participants were co-infected with S. mansoni and hepatitis C virus. Among the co-infected individuals, 42.6%, 70.2% and 19.1% had splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and periportal fibrosis (PPF). Factors associated with S. mansoni/HCV co-infection were being aged 26–35 years (aRR = 2.67, 95%CI: 1.03–6.93, P < 0.04), 46–55 years (aRR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.10–7.57, P < 0.03) and having marked hepatomegaly (aRR = 2.32, 95%CI: 1.09–4.9, P < 0.03).ConclusionIn this setting, S. mansoni and Hepatitis C are co-endemic and a proportion of individuals were co-infected. Hepatosplenic morbidities characterized with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and PPF were observed in co-infected individuals. These results highlight the need for integrated interventions measures against parasitic and viral diseases.

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Schistosomiasis Does Not Affect the Outcome of HCV Infection in Genotype 4-Infected Patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Schistosomiasis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection

Co-infection of Schistosoma mansoni/hepatitis C virus and their associated factors among adult individuals living in fishing villages, north-western Tanzania

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