Schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Gleaning from the past to improve current efforts towards control

Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T.; Jeremias, Wander de Jesus; Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100183

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This could be attributed to lack of mass chemotherapy of praziquantel, the drug of choice for schistosomiasis prior to the period of this study. The occurrence rate was low compared to 44.8% and 71.5% in Osun and Ogun States, respectively as reported by [22]. This could be attributed to attitidunal change of the people due to the health education by the Ministry of Health officers known to implement the annual mass praziquantel administration.…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 72%

Occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and associated bacteria in parts of Ondo State, Nigeria

Kone

Onifade

Dada

2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma and is common among the rural community dwellers that have occupation or recreation activities that link them with infected water bodies. The disease wreak a lot of havoc in the victims which range from anaemia, increase risk of liver fibrosis and bladder cancer, enlarged liver, difficult and painful urination, infertility etc. Nigeria has been reported to be the most endemic country in the world for schistosomiasis with about 29 million infected cases. However, people with urinary schistosomiasis are vulnerable to secondary infections caused by bacteria as a result of the break down in the mucosa barrier occasioned by the wear and tear of the spiny eggs of the schistosomes. Meanwhile, the control measures instituted by various agencies against schistosomiasis paid little attention to its co-infection with bacteria. This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and co-infection with bacteria in parts of Ondo State, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Ondo State Ministry of Health, Akure. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations, and microbiological analysis of the urine samples collected were performed using standard techniques. Of the five hundred and nine (509) urine collected, ova of Schistosoma haematobium were detected in one hundred and twenty one 121 (23.77%), significant bacteriuria was detected in 104 (20.43%) and co-infection was detected in thirty six 36 (29.75%) of schistosomiasis cases. There was a positive association between urinary schistosomiasis and bacteriuria (X2(1) = 8.481, p = 0.004). This study revealed a high occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and significant bacteriuria in the study areas which suggests that bacterial presence may be a potent complication in the management of urinary schistosomiasis.

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Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 72%

Occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and associated bacteria in parts of Ondo State, Nigeria

Kone

Onifade

Dada

2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Schistosomiasis has been largely studied in Nigeria [ 27 , 28 ], and a network of partnerships between national and international agencies has invested commendable resources to control the menace of the disease [ 29 , 30 ]. In 2019, about 250 million praziquantel tablets were administered in endemic communities, with the sole beneficiaries being children under age 15 [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling the knowledge of female medical/para-medical students, and expertise of health care professionals on female genital schistosomiasis in Anambra, South Eastern Nigeria

et al. 2023

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Background Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a largely neglected tropical disease (NTD), with little or no attention in the primary health care unit. Towards building momentum to address this challenge, we investigated the perception of medical and para-medical students about FGS, as well as the expertise of health care professionals in Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 587 female medical and para-medical university students (MPMS), and 65 health care professionals (HCPs) saddled with the responsibility of delivering care for schistosomiasis-affected persons. Pretested questionnaires were administered to document the awareness and knowledge about the disease. In addition, the expertise of HCPs vis-à-vis suspicion of FGS and management of FGS patients during routine health care service were documented. Data were subjected to descriptive, chi-square tests and regression analysis in R software. Results Over half of the students recruited; 54.2% for schistosomiasis and 58.1% for FGS, were not aware of the disease. Knowledge about schistosomiasis was associated with student’s year of study, with those in 2nd (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7), 4th (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), and 6th (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 1.2, 34.2) year having higher likelihoods of been more informed about schistosomiasis. For HCPs, we observed a contrastingly high knowledge about schistosomiasis (96.9%), but low knowledge about FGS (61.9%). Knowledge for both schistosomiasis and FGS was not associated with year of practice and expertise (95% OR included 1, p > 0.05). A considerable proportion (>40%) of the HCPs never suspected schistosomiasis during routine clinical diagnosis of patients who presented probable FGS symptoms (p < 0.05). Similarly, only 20% were certain about the use of praziquantel for treating FGS, and about 35% were uncertain of the eligibility criteria and dosage regimens. Commodities for managing FGS were also largely unavailable in about 39% of the health facilities where the HCPs operate. Conclusion Awareness and knowledge about FGS among MPMS and HCPs were poor in Anambra, Nigeria. It is therefore important to invest in innovative methods of building capacity of MPMS and HCPs, with complementary provision of necessary diagnostics to perform colposcopy, as well as competence to diagnose pathognomonic lesions using diagnostic atlas or Artificial Intelligence (AI).

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“…The most common species in Africa are Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium [22]. The medical sector's reliance on a single drug for treating schistosomiasis and the failure of current measures to eradicate this disease led to great efforts to find a new antischistosomiasis drug [21,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Evaluation of the Anti-Schistosomal Potential of Ginger-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Schistosoma mansoni: Histopathological, Ultrastructural, and Immunological Changes

El-Derbawy

Salem

Raboo

et al. 2022

Life

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Chemotherapy is the most widely advocated method of Schistosome control. However, repeated chemotherapy leads to the emergence of drug-resistant Schistosoma strains. Therefore, efforts to find alternative drugs, especially those of natural origin, have risen globally. Nanoparticles (NPs) have received special interest as efficient drug delivery systems. This work aimed to investigate the anti-schistosomal potential of Zingiber officinale (ginger, Zingiberaceae)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GCsNPs) on Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice that were exposed to 80 ± 10 cercariae/mouse. The study groups are: (G1) negative control; (G2) positive control; (G3) praziquantel in a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for two consecutive days; (G4) ginger in a dose of 500 mg/kg treated; (G5) chitosan nanoparticles in a dose 3 mg/kg (G6) GCsNPs in a dose 250 mg/kg; and (G7) GCsNPs in a dose 500 mg/kg. The anti-schistosome potential was assessed using histopathological scanning electron microscopically and immunological parameters. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in cellular granuloma count (p < 0.05) and granuloma diameter (p < 0.001) in all infected treated mice groups, in comparison to the infected non-treated group with the highest reduction in both G3 and G7. SEM of S. mansoni adult worm recovered from G3 showed mild edema of oral and ventral suckers with some peeling and blebs around them, while that recovered from G7 showed abnormal oedematous oral and retracted ventral sucker, edema of the tegument, rupture of many tubercles with vacuolation and complete loss of spines. All infected treated mice groups, in comparison to positive control G2, showed a significant reduction in IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α levels (p-value < 0.001), especially groups G6 and G7 (p-value < 0.05); both G6 and G7 values were nearer to the normal that indicated recovery of the liver tissue.

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Schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Gleaning from the past to improve current efforts towards control

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and associated bacteria in parts of Ondo State, Nigeria

Occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and associated bacteria in parts of Ondo State, Nigeria

Profiling the knowledge of female medical/para-medical students, and expertise of health care professionals on female genital schistosomiasis in Anambra, South Eastern Nigeria

In Vivo Evaluation of the Anti-Schistosomal Potential of Ginger-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Schistosoma mansoni: Histopathological, Ultrastructural, and Immunological Changes

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