Schistosomiasis of the liver

Manzella, Adonis; Ohtomo, Kuni; Monzawa, Shuichi; Lim, Jae Hoon

doi:10.1007/s00261-007-9329-7

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The smaller size of S. japonicum eggs allows them to be swept to the small portal veins and causing fibrosis in both the peripheral and central areas of the liver (50,51), whereas S. mansoni eggs remain in the large portal veins and cause fibrosis in the central part of the organ (50,51). Calcification of S. japonicum eggs is common but occurs rarely for S. mansoni eggs (28,52). Nevertheless, extensive studies by Cheever et al (e.g.…”

Section: Cellular Kinetics Of Hepatic Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of human schistosomiasis

Burke

Jones

Gobert

et al. 2009

Parasite Immunology

358

342

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Schistosomiasis continues to be a significant cause of parasitic morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review considers the basic features of the pathology and clinical outcomes of hepatointestinal and genitourinary schistosomiasis, presents an overview of the numerous studies on animal models that have clarified many of the immunopathological features, and provides insight into our current understanding of the immunopathogenesis and genetic control of human schistosomiasis. In murine schistosomiasis, pathology is induced by a CD4(+) Th2 driven granulomatous response directed against schistosome eggs lodged in the host liver. The Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 drive this response, whereas IL-10, IL13Ralpha2, IFN-gamma and a subset of regulatory T-cells act to limit schistosome induced pathology. A variety of cell types including hepatic stellate cells, alternatively activated macrophages and regulatory T-cells have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Current knowledge suggests the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying human schistosomiasis are likely to be similar. The review also considers the future development of anti-pathology schistosome vaccines. As fibrosis is an important feature of many other diseases such as Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis, a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in schistosomiasis may also ultimately contribute to the development an effective disease intervention strategy for other granulofibrotic diseases.

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Section: Cellular Kinetics Of Hepatic Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of human schistosomiasis

Burke

Jones

Gobert

et al. 2009

Parasite Immunology

358

342

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“…S mansoni infections are prevalent in South America, Africa, and the Middle East. S japonicum infections are frequent in China and the Philippines, and S haematobium infections occur mainly in Africa and the Middle East (Fig 1) (4).…”

Section: Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S mansoni and S japonicum live inside the mesenteric veins, and infections manifest as hepatic fibrosis. S haematobium resides in the venules of the urinary bladder, which results in ureteral granulomatous inflammation (4).…”

Section: Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminthic Diseases in the Abdomen: An Epidemiologic and Radiologic Overview

Ortega¹,

Ogawa²,

Rocha³

et al. 2010

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Helminthic diseases have a worldwide distribution. They affect billions of people in endemic areas and can result in serious clinical complications. Some parasites have a human gastrointestinal life cycle with resultant abdominal manifestations. However, the symptoms of helminthic diseases are usually nonspecific. Radiologic imaging, along with the identification of risk factors, may help narrow the differential diagnosis. To avoid diagnostic delays, radiologists should be familiar with the geographic distribution, transmission cycle, and characteristic and atypical manifestations of common helminthic diseases at abdominal imaging with radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. Awareness of the clinical, epidemiologic, and pathogenic characteristics of these diseases also may be helpful for narrowing the diagnosis when imaging features are nonspecific.

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“…Part of these are swept by the portal blood to the liver, where they are deposited in the periportal spaces and along the liver capsule, causing periportal fibrosis that leads to presinusoidal blockage, portal hypertension, splenomegaly and gastroesophageal varices. [23]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices in patients with schistosomiasis

Agha

Abdulhadi

Marenco

et al. 2011

Saudi J Gastroenterol

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Background/Aim:In patients with liver cirrhosis, the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio has been validated as a parameter for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices. Schistosoma infection is a frequent cause of portal hypertension in Middle Eastern countries, and is associated with the development of esophageal varices. In this study we aimed to evaluate the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio as a noninvasive tool for the prediction of the presence of esophageal varices in patients with schistosoma-related chronic liver disease.Patients and Methods:Forty-three patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis underwent upper digestive endoscopy to check for the presence of esophageal varices. Furthermore, all patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography, and maximum spleen diameter (in mm) was measured. The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was calculated in all patients.Results:Esophageal varices were found in 31 patients (72%). Age and gender were not significantly different between patients with and without varices. In patients with varices, median platelet count (82,000/μL versus 172,000/μL, P < 0.0001) and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (571 versus 1651, P < 0.0001) were significantly lower, while spleen diameter (147 mm versus 109 mm, P = 0.0006) was significantly larger. In multivariate analysis, the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was the only parameter independently associated with the presence of varices (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:In this study we have validated the use of the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension caused by schistosoma infection. In these patients, the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio might be used to allow better rationalization of medical resources and use of endoscopy.

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Schistosomiasis of the liver

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

Immunopathogenesis of human schistosomiasis

Immunopathogenesis of human schistosomiasis

Helminthic Diseases in the Abdomen: An Epidemiologic and Radiologic Overview

Use of the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices in patients with schistosomiasis

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