Schizophrenia and depression: Challenging the paradigm of two separate diseases—A controlled study of schizophrenia, depression and healthy controls

Häfner, Heinz; Maurer, Kurt; Trendler, Günter; Heiden, Wolfram an der; Schmidt, Martin H.; Könnecke, R.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.004

Cited by 265 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This is congruent with the view that negative symptoms show phenomenological similarities to depressive symptoms (Murali and Kumar, 2008;Newcomer et al, 1990;Sax et al, 1996). Longitudinal studies suggest that the two could be differentiated by their temporal characteristics: depressive symptoms varied more over time while negative symptoms tended to be more stable and trait-like (Häfner et al, 2005). However, since CAPE was designed to be a self-report of lifetime psychotic experience, it might be difficult to differentiate the lack of motivation to establish regular activities such as hobbies (negative symptom) and lack of motivation to pursue established hobbies (depression) without further information on the time course of the symptom.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Validation of the Chinese version of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) in an adolescent general population

Mark

Toulopoulou

2017

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Validation of the Chinese version of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) in an adolescent general population

Mark

Toulopoulou

2017

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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“…This hierarchy is challenged by evidence suggesting that depression might play a causal, or at least prognostic, role in the trajectory of positive symptoms. If depression were necessarily secondary to schizophrenia, it should not feature prominently in the prodromal phase (Häfner et al, 2005), should not predict transition to psychosis of at-risk individuals (Krabbendam et al, 2005) and should not prospectively predict the severity of positive symptoms, as demonstrated in the present research and in five previous studies reviewed in Chapter 2. If this pattern of findings is taken to be reliable and valid in reflecting the characteristics of the population of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, then it is logical to propose that depression might play a causal role in prolonging or exacerbating psychotic processes, or that common underlying risk factors might drive the association by causing both depression and persisting psychosis.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Depression and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 55%

“…However, this does not explain the experience of the significant proportion of people for whom depression precedes psychosis. Häfner and colleagues conducted thorough retrospective interviews with 232 people at admission for a first psychotic episode, and found that 83% reported clinically significant depression in the preceding period (Häfner et al, 2005). Furthermore, when the psychosis group was compared with 130 people's illness course up to first admission for an episode of major depression, the trajectory of depressive symptoms showed no difference between the two groups.…”

Section: Social Ranking Theory and Depression Caused By Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Vorontsova¹,

Garety²,

Freeman³

2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Depression is common in people with schizophrenia, but how it might directly contribute to the persistence of psychotic symptoms has rarely been tested. The key aim of the present study was to test whether depression and associated cognitive processes predict the maintenance of persecutory delusions. Three groups of participants were tested at baseline: 60 patients with persecutory delusions in the context of a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, 30 patients with depression, and 30 nonclinical controls. They completed interviewer and self-report assessments of depression and paranoia, and measures of six cognitive factors (schematic beliefs, experiential avoidance, autobiographical memory, problem solving, rumination, worry style). The patients with persecutory delusions were then assessed again, six months later. It was found that 50% of the patients with persecutory delusions met diagnostic criteria for major depression. Cognitive processes found to be associated with depression across the groups were negative schematic beliefs about the self, experiential avoidance and rumination, but not autobiographical memory or problem solving. The severity of initial depression in patients with persecutory delusions predicted the persistence of paranoia over six months. A number of cognitive factors also predicted the persistence of persecutory delusions, including negative schematic beliefs about the self, worry, and problem-solving difficulties. In conclusion, depression is common in patients with current persecutory delusions, and it shows similar cognitive features to major depressive disorder. The results of this study indicate that depression and related processes may contribute to the maintenance of paranoia. Trials are warranted of depression-related therapeutic techniques for people with persecutory delusions.

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“…Published data report that first episode psychotic patients later diagnosed as schizophrenic frequently have a history of psychiatric illness corresponding to prodromic symptoms, such as previous psychotic or neurotic symptoms, or emotional or behavioural disorders 30 . Other studies have demonstrated that changes in mood precede the first admission by some years 31 . In literature various approaches have been used to assess the duration of untreated illness (DUI) in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

First admissions for psychoses in Eastern Piedmont-Italy

et al. 2009

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-Background and Objectives: 1) To identify the sociodemographic, anamnestic characteristics and presentation symptoms of patients, at the time of first hospitalization, associated with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenic versus non-schizophrenic psychoses; 2) to define risk factors, at the time of the first admission, for a rehospitalization, regardless of reasons for readmission; 3) to assess the diagnostic stability between first and second hospitalization.Methods: This study includes 245 patients first admitted to the University Psychiatric Clinic of Novara in a period of seven years, discharged with a diagnosis of psychosis as reported in the Discharge Register (ICD-9-CM codes 290-299). Data were collected by consulting medical records and registers of community-based services of the South Novara Mental Health Department. A logistic regression model was used to determine the characteristics associated with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia. The relationship between the risk of rehospitalization and patients characteristics was studied using Cox's regression analysis.Results: Risk factors for a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia were age, compulsory admission, positive symptoms, and previous non-psychotic psychiatric episodes. Risk factors for rehospitalization were a diagnosis of schizophrenia, an age of less than 40 years, the absence of a stable affective relationship, and living with the family of origin. The 92% of the patients diagnosed as schizophrenic on the first hospitalization had the same diagnosis on readmission.Conclusions: Schizophrenia differs from other psychoses in terms of the greater prevalence of both some symptomatological characteristics and an history of previous non psy- Background and objectives

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Schizophrenia and depression: Challenging the paradigm of two separate diseases—A controlled study of schizophrenia, depression and healthy controls

Cited by 265 publications

References 56 publications

Validation of the Chinese version of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) in an adolescent general population

Validation of the Chinese version of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) in an adolescent general population

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

First admissions for psychoses in Eastern Piedmont-Italy

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