Schizophrenia in Hawaii: Analysis of Cohort Mortality Risk in a Multi-ethnic Population

Weiner, Betsy; Marvit, Robert C.

doi:10.1192/bjp.131.5.497

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Prevalence estimates were obtained from a range of population subgroups including elderly individuals ( n = 10; [52,70,71,101,108,121,149–151,159]), ethnic groups ( n = 8; [58,134,139,140,166,199,213,218]), Aborigines ( n = 4; [105,106,115,164]), religious groups ( n = 5; [29,80,128,182,191]), homeless individuals ( n = 4; [118,161,192,194]), children and adolescents ( n = 3; [57,185,189]), students ( n = 2; [147,178]), twins ( n = 1; [61]), industrial workers ( n = 1; [172]), different castes ( n = 1; [145]), and an isolate pedigree ( n = 1; [99]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia

et al. 2005

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BackgroundUnderstanding the prevalence of schizophrenia has important implications for both health service planning and risk factor epidemiology. The aims of this review are to systematically identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of schizophrenia, to summarize the findings of these studies, and to explore selected factors that may influence prevalence estimates.Methods and FindingsStudies with original data related to the prevalence of schizophrenia (published 1965–2002) were identified via searching electronic databases, reviewing citations, and writing to authors. These studies were divided into “core” studies, “migrant” studies, and studies based on “other special groups.” Between- and within-study filters were applied in order to identify discrete prevalence estimates. Cumulative plots of prevalence estimates were made and the distributions described when the underlying estimates were sorted according to prevalence type (point, period, lifetime, and lifetime morbid risk). Based on combined prevalence estimates, the influence of selected key variables was examined (sex, urbanicity, migrant status, country economic index, and study quality).A total of 1,721 prevalence estimates from 188 studies were identified. These estimates were drawn from 46 countries, and were based on an estimated 154,140 potentially overlapping prevalent cases. We identified 132 core studies, 15 migrant studies, and 41 studies based on other special groups. The median values per 1,000 persons (10%–90% quantiles) for the distributions for point, period, lifetime, and lifetime morbid risk were 4.6 (1.9–10.0), 3.3 (1.3–8.2), 4.0 (1.6–12.1), and 7.2 (3.1–27.1), respectively. Based on combined prevalence estimates, we found no significant difference (a) between males and females, or (b) between urban, rural, and mixed sites. The prevalence of schizophrenia in migrants was higher compared to native-born individuals: the migrant-to-native-born ratio median (10%–90% quantile) was 1.8 (0.9–6.4). When sites were grouped by economic status, prevalence estimates from “least developed” countries were significantly lower than those from both “emerging” and “developed” sites (p = 0.04). Studies that scored higher on a quality score had significantly higher prevalence estimates (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThere is a wealth of data about the prevalence of schizophrenia. These gradients, and the variability found in prevalence estimate distributions, can provide direction for future hypothesis-driven research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia

et al. 2005

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“…Consequently, borrowing from Lewine (1981) &dquo;differential timing model&dquo; of sex differences in age at onset of schizophrenic symptom seems to be firmly established. These findings do not strike us as unusual considering that Kraepelin (1971), Slater and Cowie (1971), Forrest and Hay (1972), Weiner and Marwit (1977) and Kramer (1978) had all reported the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…As a continuous analysis of the data, following the footprints of Kraepelin (1971), Slater and Cowie (1971), Forrest and Hay (1972), Weiner and Marwit (1977) and Kramer (19'7~) who had been concerned with culture in their studies, we present research evidence of cultural effect on the sex differences in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Culture on the Sex Differences in Schizophrenia

Cetingok

Chu

Park

1990

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Cultural influences on sex differences in clinical characteristics and symptomatology of schizophrenia were studied among 369 schizophrenic patients from the United States and Turkey. Male schizophrenics were more likely to be single, and were younger than female schizophrenics at onset of symptoms and when first diagnosed, treated and hospitalised in both cultures. Turkish male and female schizophrenics were more ambivalent, inappropriate, "silly", euphoric, depersonalised, dissociated, mute, conceptually disorganised, and exhibiting more flight of ideas and thought than American male and female schizophrenics. Irrelevant thought and stereotypic behaviour were most severe in Turkish male and American female schizophrenics. Hallucinatory behaviour was most intense in Turkish separated, divorced, or widowed female schizophrenics and American married male schizophrenics. Turkish married female and Turkish separated, divorced, or widowed male schizophrenics were most disoriented. Turkish single female schizophrenics were most mute. Turkish separated, divorced, or widowed male schizophrenics showed most intense stupor behaviour.

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“…Hirsch (1986) stated that the role of antidepressants in treatm ent for this group had not been definitively demonstrated; however, m ore recently Azorin (1994) reporting a prospective study demonstrated an improvement among patients with post-psychotic depression who had been treated with tricyclic antidepressants. Weiner & Marvit (1977) com ment on the attitudes of society and the related stigm a of m ental illness, as well as the attitudes of staff and fam ily. Interviews with patients have emphasised the centrality of eroded self-esteem in the suicidal schizophrenia patient .…”

Section: Anagem Ent Of Suicidal Patients With Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in schizophrenia. A review of the literature

Reid

1998

Journal of Mental Health

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This article reviews research from the 1960s to the present pertaining to suicide in people suffering with schizophrenia. An attempt has been made to examine suggested risk factors and generate recommendations for management, with particular attention to recent Department of Health guidelines regarding the care of the severely mentally ill. The literature was reviewed using Medline and PsychInfo, supplemented with a manual literature search. The studies reviewed were of variable quality. Many were limited by small numbers, lack of control groups and diagnostic heterogeneity. In combination with the low base-rate of suicide, and the relative homogeneity within groups of patients with schizophrenia, prediction remains problematic. Current initiatives suggest increased supervision of the at-risk population with little emphasis on attempting to reduce suicidal intent. There remains a need for continuing research into this difficult area of management. Specific areas for consideration include the management of hopelessness and depression in this group of patients, and the effect of the environment. The effect of the living environment, as well as the ongoing reductions in in-patient hospital beds and the current emphasis on increased turnover merit reappraisal.

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Schizophrenia in Hawaii: Analysis of Cohort Mortality Risk in a Multi-ethnic Population

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia

The Effect of Culture on the Sex Differences in Schizophrenia

Suicide in schizophrenia. A review of the literature

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