Schizophrenia patients with a metabolically abnormal obese phenotype have milder negative symptoms

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia patients with a metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) phenotype have been shown poor cardiovascular outcomes, but the characteristics of their current psychiatric symptoms have not been characterized. This study mainly explored the psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia patients with the MAO phenotype. Methods: A total of 329 patients with schizophrenia and 175 sex-and age-matched people without schizophrenia from Anhui Province in China were enrolled. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the mental symptoms of the schizophrenia patients. The MAO phenotype was defined as meeting 1-4 metabolic syndrome criteria (excluding waist circumference) and having a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m 2. And, metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW) phenotype was defined as meeting 0 criteria for metabolic syndrome and 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m 2. Results: Overall, 15.8% of the schizophrenia patients and 9.1% of the control group were consistent with the MAO phenotype, and the prevalence of MAO in the schizophrenia group was higher than that in the control group. Among the patients with schizophrenia, the MAO group had lower negative factor, cognitive factor and total PANS S scores than the MHNW group. However, when confounding factors were controlled, only the negative factor remained lower significantly. Conclusion: We found that schizophrenia patients with the MAO phenotype had reduced negative symptoms, which may indicate an internal mechanism linking metabolic disorders and negative symptoms. Trial registration: This study was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (No. chiCTR 1,800,017,044).

Association between serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study in Chinese non-obese people with a normal range of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

“…However, compared with the other two studies, BMI, LDL-C, FPG, and SUA/Scr ratio levels were lower in the present cross-sectional study (Table 1 , Table S2). The reason was considered to be related to the limitation of the present cross-sectional study to the non-obese population with a normal range of LDL-c. Studies have reported that the SUA/Scr ratio level was positively correlated with BMI and LDL-c [ 36 ], and FPG was positively correlated with BMI and LDL-c [ 61 ]. The findings of our study extend the existing literature that the SUA/Scr ratio increases the risk of NAFLD regardless of whether participants had normal or abnormal levels of BMI, LDL-c, FPG, SUA, etc.…”

Off-label use of antipsychotic medications in psychiatric inpatients in China: a national real-world survey

“…This is consistent with the rationale above that SGAs likely affect different receptor systems based on the dose used, and may have therapeutic properties for anxiety and depression at lower doses. In contrast, based on data from multiple studies, chlorpromazine equivalents for people with schizophrenia were mostly greater than 400 mg/day [33][34][35]. When looking at specific antipsychotics in our sample, this principle held up.…”

Weight Gain, Mental Symptoms and Self-Esteem in Patients with Schizophrenia

“…The form, which was prepared by the researcher by scanning the literature (Holt, 2019, Annamalai et al 2017, Wang et al 2020, includes information about patients' sociodemographic characteristics, disease and treatment.…”

“…Metabolic syndrome is 4 times more common in patients with schizophrenia who use atypical antipsychotics than in the healthy population (Demirel et al 2015). Patients with schizophrenia are known to be unable to consume an adequate and balanced diet (Wang et al 2020) and engage in sufficient physical activity due to their lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, and non-optimal living conditions (Wang et al 2020).…”