We report on thermoelectric properties of nanocrystalline Cr1−xSix composite films. As-deposited amorphous films were transformed into a nanocrystalline state with average grain size of 10-20 nm by annealing during in-situ thermopower and electrical resistivity measurements. The partially crystallized films, i.e. the films consisting of crystalline grains dispersed in the amorphous matrix, are a new type of the heterogeneous material where the nanocrystalline phase plays the role of scattering centers giving rise to a large contribution to the thermopower. We show that the thermopower enhancement is related to the energy dependent scattering (energy filtering) of the charge carriers on the nanograin interfaces.