Nowadays, the scientific community is actively researching
the
advancement of a sustainable effective desulfurization technique.
The development of alternative or supplementary approaches to desulfurization
has rapidly progressed in recent years. Among these approaches, the
oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process stands out as a highly promising
method. This can be attributed to its notable selectivity, cost-effectiveness,
mild reaction conditions, and overall efficiency. It is essential
to consider the role of oxidants, catalysts, and operating conditions
in optimizing the ODS process. This review examines a comprehensive
understanding of the ODS process and its potential applications in
desulfurization. It highlights the importance of oxidants, extractant
solvent, and other operating conditions in the ODS process and discusses
the different groups of catalysts that can be used. In addition, the
review examines five distinct groups of heterogeneous catalysts used
in the ODS process: transition metal oxides stabilized, polyoxometalates,
ionic liquids, carbon materials, and porous materials. The role of
ionic liquids in catalytic and extractive oxidation is also explored.
In recent years, alternative or supplementary desulfurization methods
have been rapidly developed. The review discusses the advantages and
disadvantages of each approach. It explores various techniques that
can be employed to mitigate the drawbacks associated with each system.