Science Highlights and Final Updates from 17 Years of Total Solar Irradiance Measurements from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment/Total Irradiance Monitor (SORCE/TIM)

Kopp, Greg

doi:10.1007/s11207-021-01853-x

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…SORCE/TIM measures the TSI with accuracy and repeatability capable of resolving how solar irradiance varies and how these variations affect climate. Kopp ( 2021 ) discusses these TSI measurements over the duration of the SORCE mission. The Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM: Harder et al., 2005a , b ) (240 – 2413 nm), SOLar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE: McClintock, Rottman, and Woods, 2005 ; McClintock, Snow, and Woods, 2005 ) (115 – 308 nm), and X-ray UV Photometer System (XPS: Woods and Rottman, 2005 ; Woods, Rottman, and Vest, 2005 ) (0.1 – 40 nm and H i 121.6 nm) measure the spectral composition of the total irradiance.…”

Section: Science Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following brief discussions of those climate records, the SORCE mission operations are described to provide the context on why there are some data gaps in the SORCE data products. Associated with this article are companion articles about the SORCE instruments and their final science data-processing algorithms (TIM: Kopp, 2021 ; SIM: Harder et al., 2021 ; SOLSTICE: Snow et al., 2021 ; XPS: Woods and Elliott, 2021 ) and also an additional article about solar-cycle variability (Woods et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Science Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of that writing, the SORCE/TIM and the Picard PREcision MOnitor Sensor (PREMOS) instrument (Schmutz et al., 2013 ) TSI data sets provided the best absolute accuracies of ≈350 ppm, and so their example TSI composite is close to the SORCE/TSI level. Notably, the SORCE/TIM and PREMOS measurements of TSI are about 0.35% lower than the earlier TSI measurements (Kopp and Lean, 2011 ; Ball et al., 2016 ; Kopp, 2021 ). Another approach taken for the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) is to use proxy modeling with the SORCE solar-irradiance observations to extend the TSI CDR back to 1882 (Coddington et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Tsi Climate Data Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Seventeen-Year Mission

et al. 2021

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The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) was a NASA mission that operated from 2003 to 2020 to provide key climate-monitoring measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar spectral irradiance (SSI). Three important accomplishments of the SORCE mission are i) the continuation of the 42-year-long TSI climate data record, ii) the continuation of the ultraviolet SSI record, and iii) the initiation of the near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared SSI records. All of the SORCE instruments functioned well over the 17-year mission, which far exceeded its five-year prime mission goal. The SORCE spacecraft, having mostly redundant subsystems, was also robust over the mission. The end of the SORCE mission was a planned passivation of the spacecraft following a successful two-year overlap with the NASA Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) mission, which continues the TSI and SSI climate records. There were a couple of instrument anomalies and a few spacecraft anomalies during SORCE’s long mission, but operational changes and updates to flight software enabled SORCE to remain productive to the end of its mission. The most challenging of the anomalies was the degradation of the battery capacity that began to impact operations in 2009 and was the cause for the largest SORCE data gap (August 2013 – February 2014). An overview of the SORCE mission is provided with a couple of science highlights and a discussion of flight anomalies that impacted the solar observations. Companion articles about the SORCE instruments and their final science data-processing algorithms provide additional details about the instrument measurements over the duration of the mission.

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Section: Science Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Science Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tsi Climate Data Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Seventeen-Year Mission

et al. 2021

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“…The SSI3 Composite only uses the SORCE/SIM data above 500 nm, so it does not include those adjustments in the UV range. Kopp (2021) provides a comparison of SORCE/TIM to all of the overlapping TSI observations, including those from TSIS-1/TIM. This TSI comparison shows good agreement for all of the TIM instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar-Cycle Variability Results from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Mission

et al. 2022

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The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) was a NASA mission that operated from 2003 to 2020 to provide key climate-monitoring measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar spectral irradiance (SSI). This 17-year mission made TSI and SSI observations during the declining phase of Solar Cycle 23, during all of Solar Cycle 24, and at the very beginning of Solar Cycle 25. The SORCE solar-variability results include comparisons of the solar irradiance observed during Solar Cycles 23 and 24 and the solar-cycle minima levels in 2008 – 2009 and 2019 – 2020. The differences between these two minima are very small and are not significantly above the estimate of instrument stability over the 11-year period. There are differences in the SSI variability for Solar Cycles 23 and 24, notably for wavelengths longer than 250 nm. Consistency comparisons with SORCE variability on solar-rotation timescales and solar-irradiance model predictions suggest that the SORCE Solar Cycle 24 SSI results might be more accurate than the SORCE Solar Cycle 23 results. The SORCE solar-variability results have been useful for many Sun–climate studies and will continue to serve as a reference for comparisons with future missions studying solar variability.

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“…The adjusted time series a i TSI i (t) are quality-controlled by intercomparison. Parts of individual time series which differ too much from the other time series-for details, see [9]-are removed, and the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite [26] is corrected for its apparent linear drift compared to the other TSI radiometers. This results in quality-controlled adjusted time series a i TSI qc i (t).…”

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confidence: 99%

Centennial Total Solar Irradiance Variation

2022

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Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the solar energy received by the Earth and therefore is of direct relevance for a possible solar influence on climate change on Earth. We analyse the TSI space measurements from 1991 to 2021, and we derive a regression model that reproduces the measured daily TSI variations with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.17 W/m2. The daily TSI regression model uses the MgII core to wing ratio as a facular brightening proxy and the Photometric Sunspot Index (PSI) as a measure of sunspot darkening. We reconstruct the annual mean TSI backwards to 1700 based on the Sunspot Number (SN), calibrated on the space measurements with an RMSE of 0.086 W/m2. The analysis of the 11 year running mean TSI reconstruction confirms the existence of a 105 year Gleissberg cycle. The TSI level of the current grand minimum is only about 0.15 W/m2 higher than the TSI level of the grand minimum in the beginning of the 18th century.

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Science Highlights and Final Updates from 17 Years of Total Solar Irradiance Measurements from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment/Total Irradiance Monitor (SORCE/TIM)

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Overview of the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Seventeen-Year Mission

Overview of the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Seventeen-Year Mission

Solar-Cycle Variability Results from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Mission

Centennial Total Solar Irradiance Variation

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