Science's Response to CoVID‐19

Long, Marcus J. C.; Aye, Yimon

doi:10.1002/cmdc.202100079

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 356 publications

(288 reference statements)

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“…This will have an impact on travel, event participation and public health. Although the general principles of combating the spread have been known since the sixteenth century, based on quarantine and virus transmission prevention, these measures are difficult to implement in the modern era due to high population mobility, urban sprawl and the easy spread of misinformation through communication channels (64). The international rapid response in creating vaccines and treatments that lower viral replication and risk of multisystem impairment is unprecedented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical challenges of SARS‑CoV‑2 variants (Review)

Cojocaru

Turcanu

et al. 2022

Exp Ther Med

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Since the first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, there have been challenges recognizing the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 and identifying therapeutic options. This has been compounded by viral mutations that affect clinical response and primary epidemiological indicators. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified and classified on the basis of nomenclature implemented by scientific organizations and the World Health Organisation (WHO). A total of five variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified to date. The present study aimed to analyse clinical and epidemiological features of each variant. Based on these characteristics, predictions were made about potential future evolution. Considering the time and location of SARS-CoV-2 VOC emergence, it was hypothesised that mutations were not due to pressure caused by the vaccines introduced in December 2020 but were dependent on natural characteristics of the virus. In the process of adapting to the human body, SARS-CoV-2 is expected to undergo evolution to become more contagious but less deadly. SARS-CoV-2 was hypothesized to continue spread through isolated epidemic outbreaks due to the unimmunized population, mostly unvaccinated children and adults, and for coronaviruses to continue to present a public health problem. Contents 1. Introduction 2. SARS-CoV-2 variant gene mutations and impact of clinical features on disease evolution 3. Discussion 4. Limitations

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical challenges of SARS‑CoV‑2 variants (Review)

Cojocaru

Turcanu

et al. 2022

Exp Ther Med

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“…Ground glass opacities 82.0% [21] 72.0-94.5% [15,26] 66.0% [22] Interlobular septal thickening N/A 15.1%-62.7% [9,12] 26.0-40.0% [11,13] Unilateral lung involvement 50.0% [14] 21.8-50.0% [3,15] 14.0% [10] Crazy paving pattern 36.4% [11] 12.0-36.1% [9,11,12,15] 27.0% [11] Pleural effusion 15.0-22.7% [11,22,23] 3.0-4.0% [15,20] 30.0%-60.0% [11,22,23] N/A -not applicable, i.e. lack of data in a form or table.…”

Section: Radiological Features Sars-cov-1 Sars-cov-2 Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betacoronaviruses (b-CoVs) – SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 – are grouped together based on their genetic makeup and antigenic cross-reactivity, and they have the unique tendency to be transmitted from bats to humans [ 2 ]. The emergence of SARS-CoV-1 in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2012 resulted in zoonosis from bats as a threat to global health [ 3 ]. In December 2019, a novel b-CoVs identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative imaging findings among different primary beta-coronaviruses

Sharp¹,

Jang²,

Diaz³

et al. 2022

Pol J Radiol

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Purpose: Coronaviruses (CoV) are single-stranded RNA viruses that transmit from animal species to humans, causing a threat to global health. We aim to summarize common imaging findings of 3 betacoronaviruses (b-CoVs) and the common clinical manifestation, to provide a better understanding of the courses of the disease. Material and methods:The Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched for the terms "SARS-CoV" OR "COVID-19" OR "MERS-CoV". Imaging-specific searches included keyword searches for "CT" AND "imaging". Clinical presentation-specific searches included keyword searches for "clinical" AND "manifestation" AND "cardiovascular" OR "neurology" OR "gastrointestinal" OR "hematology". In total, 77 articles were selected for discussion in the current literature review.Results: Human b-CoVs infection presented consistent indications of ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening. Pleural effusion was also common in all 3 b-CoVs, but it was least present in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bilateral lung involvement was common to both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiovascular, neurological, haematological, and gastrointestinal were common clinical presentations found in patients infected with b-CoVs. Conclusions:The comparison of imaging findings can be applied in clinical practice to distinguish the 3 CoV through different imaging modalities. It is crucial to understand the possible imaging findings and clinical presentations to better understand the course of the disease as well as prepare for future variants.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious virus [5], and infected individuals are infectious before symptoms appear [4]. However, estimates differ on the significance of asymptomatic people spreading the virus [6]. SARS-CoV-2 can cause a variety of symptoms, including asymptomatic infection and severe pneumonia-induced death [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid–base imbalance as a risk factor for mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized patients

et al. 2023

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Severe COVID-19 infection can lead to extensive lung infiltrate, a significant increase in the respiratory rate, and respiratory failure, which can affect the acid-base balance. No research in the Middle East has previously examined acid-base imbalance in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to describe the acid-base imbalance in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, determine its causes, and assess its impact on mortality in a Jordanian hospital. The study divided patients into 11 groups based on arterial blood gas data. Patients in normal group were defined as having a pH of 7.35–7.45, PaCO2 of 35–45 mmHg, and HCO3– of 21–27 mEq/L. Other patients were divided into 10 additional groups: mixed acidosis and alkalosis, respiratory and metabolic acidosis with or without compensation, and respiratory and metabolic alkalosis with or without compensation. This is the first study to categorize patients in this way.  The results showed that acid-base imbalance was a significant risk factor for mortality (P = 0.003). Mixed acidosis nearly quadruples the risk of death when compared to those with normal levels (OR = 3.61, P = 0.05). Furthermore, the risk of death was twice as high (OR=2) for metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation (P = 0.002), respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation (P = 0.002), or respiratory acidosis with no compensation (P = 0.002).</p> In conclusion, acid base abnormalities, particularly mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis, were associated with increased mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinicians should be aware of the significance of these abnormalities and address their underlying causes.

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Science's Response to CoVID‐19

Cited by 20 publications

References 356 publications

Clinical challenges of SARS‑CoV‑2 variants (Review)

Clinical challenges of SARS‑CoV‑2 variants (Review)

Comparative imaging findings among different primary beta-coronaviruses

Acid–base imbalance as a risk factor for mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized patients

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