Scientific and Technological Assessment of Iron Pyrite for Use in Solar Devices

Shukla, Sudhanshu; Ager, Joel W.; Xiong, Qihua; Sritharan, Thirumany

doi:10.1002/ente.201700638

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…This review has discussed in detail the issues and the possible remedies to address those issues which have recently been mentioned in the brief review by Shukla et al , regarding the use of pyrite in photovoltaic. Pyrite based photovoltaic is still in the research and development stage where low open‐circuit voltage (V OC ≤ 187 mV) and solar conversion efficiency < 3% are the foremost challenges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural defects at interface can increase trap‐assisted surface recombination resulting in low open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic device. The trap density can be decreased by surface functionalization, passivation and post annealing ,,,. In short, rational device design and appropriate band alignment between FeS 2 and various materials (Figure ) can improve the efficiency of the device e. g., inverted architecture of BHJ solar cells can also help reduce leakage current and prevent shorting in hybrid devices.…”

Section: Recent Trends: Pyrite Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered as environmentally benign solar absorber material with high absorption in the visible light and suitable energy band gap (0.95 eV) ,,,. A most recent review by Shukla et al . highlights some important issues related to its use for photovoltaic application, however their review lacks the comprehensive investigation in this field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2018

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Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are of special interest in energy conversion and storage devices. Amongst all sulfides, fool's gold or iron pyrite (FeS 2 ) is potentially an attractive candidate for photovoltaic applications. Iron pyrite has risen to prominence due to its distinct properties and abundance in nature to meet the large scale needs. It is considered as environmentally benign solar absorber material with high absorption coefficient, α > 6 x10 5 cm À 1 for λ � 700 nm and suitable energy bandgap (E g = 0.95 eV). Numerous physical and chemical methods have been employed to deposit nanocrystalline pyrite thin films directly from source materials or indirectly by sulfuration. This review gives an overview of pyrite as a low cost photovoltaic absorber material for contemporary solar cell structures. In addition, practical approaches like the rational design of nanocomposites, band gap engineering and nanostructure synthesis of pyrite for improving its properties particularly photovoltaic properties are also deliberated. Moreover, limitations, challenges, remedies and prospects of pyrite as potential photovoltaic material are also reviewed to further advance the development of pyrite-based solar cell configurations.[a] Dr.at a low precursor concentration, pyrite nanocubes (125-250 nm in 20-180 min) were obtained due to low nuclei concentration and slow growth (diffusion limited) in quasiequilibrium. The anisotropic structures nanodendrites were 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Trends: Pyrite Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2018

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“…The spectra of the iron pyrite film are consistent with that of the purchased iron pyrite powder. Three Raman peaks at approximately 339 cm −1 , 374 cm −1 , and 426 cm −1 originate from iron pyrite and correspond to the S 2 libration, in-phase stretch, and coupled libration/stretch vibrational modes, respectively [15,[25][26][27], which demonstrates that it is a pure iron pyrite film. The results clearly manifest the advantage of sulfurization sintering for the preparation of FeS 2 thin film as compared with the report without sulfurization in the ECD method [17,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fabrication of Iron Pyrite Thin Films and Photovoltaic Devices by Sulfurization in Electrodeposition Method

Lü

Zhou

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Iron pyrite is a cheap, stable, non-toxic, and earth-abundant material that has great potential in the field of photovoltaics. Electrochemical deposition is a low-cost method, which is also suitable for large-scale preparation of iron pyrite solar cells. In this work, we prepared iron pyrite films by electrochemical deposition with thiourea and explored the effect of sulfurization on the synthesis of high-quality iron pyrite films. Upon sulfurization, the amorphous precursor film becomes crystallized iron pyrite film. Optical and electrical characterization show that its band gap is 0.89 eV, and it is an n type semiconductor with a carrier concentration of 3.01 × 1019 cm−3. The corresponding photovoltaic device shows light response. This work suggests that sulfurization is essential in the electrochemical preparation for fabricating pure iron pyrite films, and therefore for low-cost and large-scale production of iron pyrite solar cells.

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“…Iron disulfide (FeS 2 ) is a natural earth-abundant and nontoxic material with possible applications in lithium batteries, transistors or photovoltaic (PV) devices [1–2]. According to the analysis carried out by Wadia et al [3], among 23 semiconducting materials, FeS 2 is the best candidate for the development of large-scale solar cells at low cost (<2 × 10 −6 ¢/W).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

Amargós-Reyes¹,

Maldonado²,

Martínez-Alvarez³

et al. 2019

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Herein, we report the synthesis of nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide (FeS2) nanocrystals (NCs) using a two-pot method. Moreover, we study the influence of these NCs incorporated into the PTB7:PC71BM active layer of bulk-heterojunction ternary organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. The OPV devices are fabricated with the direct configuration glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTB7:PC71BM:FeS2/PFN/FM. The Field’s metal (FM) is a eutectic alloy composed of 32.5% Bi, 51% In and 16.5% Sn by weight that melts at 62 °C. It is deposited on the active layer/PFN under atmospheric conditions. Ternary active layers are prepared by adding small amounts of the semiconducting FeS2 NCs at different weight ratios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt % with respect to the electron donor PTB7. With respect to the reference device (without FeS2), a 21% increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed for OPVs with 0.5 wt % FeS2, such that the PCE of the OPVs is enhanced from 5.69 to 6.47%. According to the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney statistical tests, all OPV devices follow the same trend.

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Scientific and Technological Assessment of Iron Pyrite for Use in Solar Devices

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Fabrication of Iron Pyrite Thin Films and Photovoltaic Devices by Sulfurization in Electrodeposition Method

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

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Scientific and Technological Assessment of Iron Pyrite for Use in Solar Devices

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Fabrication of Iron Pyrite Thin Films and Photovoltaic Devices by Sulfurization in Electrodeposition Method

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC71BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

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Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells