Scientific Élan Vital: Entropy Deficit or Inhomogeneity as a Unified Concept of Driving Forces of Life in Hierarchical Biosphere Driven by Photosynthesis

Sato, Naoki

doi:10.3390/e14020233

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1g, h 3,4 ). Sucrose functions as a primary carbon source and maintains the osmotic potential for developmental processes of plant organs, tissues or cells cultured under in vitro conditions (George 1993;Yaseen et al 2013), and the optimal plant growth and morphogenesis are dependent upon the type and concentration of carbon sources (Pérez et al 2000;Sudipta et al 2013 (Nemoto et al 2007;Caires et al 2010;Sato 2012). Consequently, despite the elimination of all organic component sources in the present study, chrysanthemum plantlets could grow as vigorously as the donors, without any physiological disorders (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of chrysanthemum synthetic seeds under non-aseptic conditions for direct transfer to commercial greenhouses

Hung

Dung²

2015

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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A novel protocol for both production and sowing of chrysanthemum synthetic seeds in non-aseptic conditions for large-scale commercialization was successfully established. Effects of the availability of organic compounds, namely MS vitamins and sucrose, inside and outside gelling matrix on the microbial contaminations, plantlet formation and subsequent growth were investigated. Results showed that the presence of organic compounds, either in gelling matrix alone or in both gelling matrix and commercial substrate, caused microbial contaminations in all synthetic seeds and complete inhibition in regrowth. In contrast, the absence of organic compounds in both non-sterile gelling matrix and substrate resulted in 70 % plantlet formation after 6 weeks of sowing. However, organic compounds absent in gelling matrix but present in substrate induced lower plantlet formation frequency (34 %) after 6-week sowing. The removal of organic compounds from both gelling matrix and substrate, in comparison with the removal from only gelling matrix, also stimulated the formation of plantlets having more leaves, longer shoots and roots, and greater fresh and dry biomass accumulation, but equal leaf area, chlorophyll content, and number of nodes and roots. These findings suggest that the eradication of all organic compositions is a prerequisite for practical application of encapsulation technology to the mass production of chrysanthemum plants. AbbreviationsANOVA Analysis of variance CaCl 2 Á2H 2 O Dihydrate calcium chloride DMRT Duncan's multiple range test MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) Na-alginate Sodium-alginate OC free Both artificial endosperm and vermiculite substrate were free of sucrose and MS vitamins OC seed Only artificial endosperm contained 3 % sucrose and MS vitamins OC seed?soil Both artificial endosperm and vermiculite substrate contained 3 % sucrose and MS vitamins OC soil Only vermiculite substrate contained 3 % sucrose and MS vitamins SPAD Special products analysis division

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of chrysanthemum synthetic seeds under non-aseptic conditions for direct transfer to commercial greenhouses

Hung

Dung²

2015

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…Acetate has been reported to promote TAG production in C. reinhardtii cw15, a strain of the Ebersold/Levine 137c line (18,24). Theoretically, the net production of biofuel will have to rely on the net reduction of carbon by photosynthesis, because no other way of obtaining reduced carbon from the biosphere exists (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detailed Identification of Fatty Acid Isomers Sheds Light on the Probable Precursors of Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Photoautotrophically Grown Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2014

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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model alga for studying triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the photosynthetic production of biofuel. Previous studies were conducted under photoheterotrophic growth conditions in medium supplemented with acetate and/or ammonium. We wanted to demonstrate TAG accumulation under truly photoautotrophic conditions without reduced elements. We first reidentified all lipid components and fatty acids by mass spectrometry, because the currently used identification knowledge relies on data obtained in the 1980s. Accordingly, various isomers of fatty acids, which are potentially useful in tracing the flow of fatty acids leading to the accumulation of TAG, were detected. In strain CC1010 grown under photoautotrophic conditions, TAG accumulated to about 57.5 mol% of total lipids on a mole fatty acid basis after the transfer to nitrogen-deficient conditions. The content of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol decreased drastically. The accumulated TAG contained 16:0 as the major acid and 16:4(4,7,10,13), 18:2(9,12), and 18: 3(9,12,15), which are typically found in chloroplast lipids. Additionally, 18:1(11) and 18:3(5,9,12), which are specific to extrachloroplast lipids, were also abundant in the accumulated TAG. Photosynthesis and respiration slowed markedly after the shift to nitrogen-deficient conditions. These results suggest that fatty acids for the production of TAG were supplied not only from chloroplast lipids but also from other membranes within the cells, although the possibility of de novo synthesis cannot be excluded. Under nitrogen-replete conditions, supplementation with a high concentration of CO 2 promoted TAG production in the cells grown photoautotrophically, opening up the possibility to the continuous production of TAG using CO 2 produced by industry. Photosynthetic production of various forms of reduced carbon is the ultimate source of biological free energy, which enables biological, social, and industrial human activities. Agricultural production has been the major source of human nutrition, but biofuel is now attracting social interest as an alternative to fossil resources. Algal production of bioresources is a new perspective as a means to supply both biofuel and chemical materials, avoiding competition with nutritional resources (1). Among various algal products, triacylglycerol (TAG), hydrocarbons, and carbohydrates are the major targets of bioengineering. In many algae, TAG is known to accumulate under conditions of nutrient deficiency (2). A unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is currently studied as a model organism for elucidating the metabolic pathway and signaling pathway of TAG accumulation. This alga has been used in studies of photosynthesis, reproduction, and motility, mainly because the methodology for genetic analysis is applicable (3, 4). In addition to classical crossing, molecular genetic manipulation (5, 6) is becoming useful, especially on the basis of the genomic information (7). Vari...

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“…Thus, it is a basic thermodynamic requirement to release entropy in order to keep the systemic order in far-from-equilibrium systems and to enhance the information content. All living systems including plants, bacteria, animals, man, and society are far-from-equilibrium systems and have to produce and to export entropy [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Energy Supply and The Second Fundamental Law Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological time-scale violation by industrial society and the chemical challenges for transition to a sustainable global entropy export management

Köhler¹

2014

Green Processing and Synthesis

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The urgent need for a radical conversion of chemical production is described in the context of the drastic violation of time scales for the natural regeneration of resources. Besides renewable energy sources, we need a transition to a completely sustainable production and application of materials and other substances. Decentralized chemical facilities, microreaction technology, and the coupling between energy conversion and chemical conversion will play a crucial role in this process. All these developments must be connected with the ongoing natural global entropy export system. Some general examples for the required future developments in chemical technologies are given and discussed against a background of a vision of a complete sustainable substance management in the future and a technological sustainability in the industrial transition process where powerful bridging technologies are used.

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Scientific Élan Vital: Entropy Deficit or Inhomogeneity as a Unified Concept of Driving Forces of Life in Hierarchical Biosphere Driven by Photosynthesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Production of chrysanthemum synthetic seeds under non-aseptic conditions for direct transfer to commercial greenhouses

Production of chrysanthemum synthetic seeds under non-aseptic conditions for direct transfer to commercial greenhouses

Detailed Identification of Fatty Acid Isomers Sheds Light on the Probable Precursors of Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Photoautotrophically Grown Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The ecological time-scale violation by industrial society and the chemical challenges for transition to a sustainable global entropy export management

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