Scientific experiment focused at pigment degradation by polyvinyl chloride combustion in Science education

Jenisová, Zita; Braniša, Jana

doi:10.3926/jotse.480

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this regard, Zhang’s group extracted crude chlorophyll from crude silkworm excrement and prepared Ce6 through reverse Claisen condensation, hydrolysis, and acidification [ 20 ]. In addition, the accumulated findings suggest that Ce6 was prepared by either methyl pheophorbide a ( Scheme 1 ) [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] or pheophytin a [ 24 , 25 ], which was converted from chlorophyll a. However, the method of preparing pheophytin a is much easier and the reaction is simpler to handle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and Its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect

Shrestha

Mallik

Lim

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can eradicate not only cancer cells but also stimulate an antitumor immune response. Herein, we describe two efficient synthetic methodologies for the preparation of Chlorin e6 (Ce6) from Spirulina platensis and address the phototoxic effect of Ce6 in vitro along with antitumor activity in vivo. Melanoma B16F10 cells were seeded and phototoxicity was monitored by the MTT assay. The C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated on the left and right flank with B16F10 cells. The mice were intravenously injected with Ce6 of 2.5 mg/kg and then exposed to red light (660 nm) on the left flank tumors 3 h after the injection. The immune response was studied by analyzing Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) of the right flank tumors through qPCR. Our results revealed that the tumor was suppressed not only in the left flank but also in the right flank, where no PDT was given. The upregulated gene and protein expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 revealed antitumor immunity due to Ce6-PDT. The findings of this study suggest an efficient methodology of Ce6 preparation and the efficacy of Ce6-PDT as a promising antitumor immune response.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and Its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect

Shrestha

Mallik

Lim

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this regard, Zhang's group extracted crude chlorophyll from crude silkworm excrement and prepared Ce6 through reverse Claisen condensation, hydrolysis, and acidi cation [20]. In addition, the accumulated ndings suggest that Ce6 was prepared by either methyl pheophorbide a (Scheme 1) [21][22][23] or pheophytin a [24,25], which was converted from chlorophyll a. However, the method of preparing pheophytin is much easier and simpler to handle the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect

Mallik

Shrestha

Lim

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can eradicate not only cancer cells but also stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we describe two efficient synthetic methodologies for the preparation of the second generation of photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) from Spirulina platensis in higher yield and purity, and we address the phototoxic effect of Ce6 in vitro along with anti-tumor activity due to photodynamic therapy in vivo. Methods The use of different solvents, the duration of extraction/reaction, and the yield were analyzed and compared between the two methods during the synthesis of Ce6. The synthesized Ce6 was evaluated by TLC, HPLC, LC/MS, NMR, and studied for the anti-tumor activity of melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Melanoma B16F10 cells were seeded and phototoxicity was monitored by the MTT assay. C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with B16F10 cells for the tumor allograft model. The mice were subcutaneously inoculated on the left and right flank with 0.1 mL of B16F10 cells (1×106 cells/mL). The treated mice were intravenously injected with Ce6 of 2.5 mg/kg and then exposed to red light (660 nm) on the left flank tumors at 3 h after the injection. Results Our results revealed that the tumor was suppressed not only in the left flank but also in the right flank, where no PDT was given. The immune response was also studied by analyzing Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) of the right flank tumors through qPCR. The upregulated expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 revealed the local anti-tumor immunity due to Ce6-PDT. Conclusion The finding of this study suggest an efficient methodology of Ce6 preparation and the efficacy of Ce6-PDT as a promising anti-tumor immune response.

show abstract

Scientific experiment focused at pigment degradation by polyvinyl chloride combustion in Science education

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and Its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and Its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About