“…On the one hand, scholars or practitioners divide information literacy skills differently, including basic theoretical knowledge and basic application skills of information and information technology; the ability to use information technology to study, communicate, cooperate and solve problems; and information awareness and ethics (ACRL, 2000 ; UNESCO, 2010 ). On the other hand, “computer literacy”, “media literacy”, “network literacy”, “digital literacy”, “ICT”, “data literacy”, “mobile literacy”, and other concepts have emerged as extensions of the concept of information literacy and have been widely discussed (Bruce, 2000 ; Pinto et al, 2010 , Pinto et al, 2019 ; Stopar & Bartol, 2019 ). Although the connotation and extension of information literacy are constantly being adjusted and revised, it is always defined as a series of definable and standardized capabilities that guide people to obtain, screen, evaluate and integrate useful information from rich and diverse information sources to determine a direction of action.…”