Scintillation counter for the measurement of radioactivity of vapors in conjunction with gas-liquid chromatography

Popják, G.; Löwe, Arno; Moore, D.; Brown, Leon J.; Smith, Felix

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39089-1

Cited by 74 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Radioactivity in the effluent of a GLC column has been monitored using flow-through ionization chambers (10-13), proportional counters (14-16) and scintillation counters (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Each detector has been used at ambient temperature for assaying radioactivity in low boiling compounds and at elevated temperatures for high boiling compounds.…”

Section: Radioassay By Monitoring the Gas During The Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should also be noted that radioactivity in highboiling material emerging from a column has been measured by passing the effluent through cold liquid scintillator that is monitored continuously (19). The high-boiling materials, as they sequentially condensed, increased the counting rate of the detector in stepwise fashion.…”

Section: Radioassay By Monitoring the Gas During The Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of carbon‐14 and tritium in the effluent of a gas chromatography column

Karmen

1967

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Several methods of measuring radioactivity in the effluent of a gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) column are reviewed. If there is sufficient radioactivity in individual compounds to be measurable with acceptable precision in less than 15‐20 see, the effluent of a GLC column can be assayed for radioactivity during the course of an analysis. The effluent can be passed directly through a heated ionization chamber or proportional counter but both of these are some‐what sensitive to changes in the composition of the gas. The effluent can also be combusted to carbon dioxide and water, and the water then converted to HT for tritium assay. These gases can then be assayed in an ionization chamber, proportional counter or flow‐through scintillation counter at ambient temperature. The detector volume and gas flow rate can then be large so that changes in gas composition that occur during the course of an analysis are minimized. The gas flow is adjusted for optimal speed of response. Combustion trains have been developed that minimize memory effects in tritium assays that otherwise can cause difficulties. Convenient calibration methods are available for setting up the methods and for determining their efficiencies. When there is insufficient radioactivity in the sample to be measurable during a short time interval, the effluent can be fractionated, high boiling material in each fraction can be condensed out and assayed for radioactivity for longer periods. Automatic and quantitative fraction collecting devices have been developed for use with liquid scintillation counters that make this method of radioassay accurate as well as highly sensitive.

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Section: Radioassay By Monitoring the Gas During The Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radioassay By Monitoring the Gas During The Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of carbon‐14 and tritium in the effluent of a gas chromatography column

Karmen

1967

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Wolfgang and Rowland (14), Wolfgang and Mackay (18), and James and Piper (5) have investigated proportional counters, with and without windows. Dobbs (S), Cacace (1), and Karmen and Winkelman (7) have used an ion chamber in series with the GC detector. Although slightly higher sensitivity can be attained by proportional counting, the ion-chamber technique offers the advantages of being simple, easy to install, stable, resistant to poisoning effects (the most serious deficiency of the pro-portional technique), sensitive to soft beta decay, reproducible, and usable at least to detector temperatures up to 300°C.…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute Calibration of Gas Chromatographic Apparatus from Ion-Chamber Measurements.

Nelson¹,

Paull²

1963

Anal. Chem.

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b When an ion chamber is connected in series with any gas chromatograph, a given amount of rcidioactivity in a fraction results in the same ion-chamber signal regardless of the molecule to which the unstable isotope is attached.The effect of various peak shapes on this signal is treated theoretically and compared to experimental results. A simple generalized method using a radioactive "spike" is proposed, by which overall accuracy within1 70 can be attained, independent of column, mass detector,. and other operating conditions.T HAS become more apparent since the

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“…The quantitative analysis of either 14C or tritium isotopes in compounds separated by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) has been accomplished by several methods. These include serial collection of fractions for scintillation counting (1)(2)(3); cumulative collection for continuous integral counting (3,4); continuous ion-chamber monitoring of the effluent vapor (5)(6)(7)(8); and continuous proportional counting of the effluent, with or without combustion (9,10). Some of these methods are employed in commercially available instruments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved resolution in high-sensitivity dual-label gas radiochromatography

Thomas¹,

Dutton²

1969

Anal. Chem.

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Scintillation counter for the measurement of radioactivity of vapors in conjunction with gas-liquid chromatography

Cited by 74 publications

References 4 publications

Measurement of carbon‐14 and tritium in the effluent of a gas chromatography column

Measurement of carbon‐14 and tritium in the effluent of a gas chromatography column

Absolute Calibration of Gas Chromatographic Apparatus from Ion-Chamber Measurements.

Improved resolution in high-sensitivity dual-label gas radiochromatography

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