Scope and Limitations of Neem Products and Other Botanicals in Plant Protection

Tomar, Alka; Rathore, H. S.; Singh, Karishma

doi:10.1201/9781420082470.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1 Neem gum is a natural resin extracted from neem trees, which is obtained by tapping the tree trunk and solidifying it upon exposure to air. Neem gum is used in various applications, viz: food additives, 2 cosmetic products, 3 and as a traditional remedy for various ailments. Studies have shown that neem gum has antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties [4][5][6] and is a good source of carbohydrates and amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Azadirachta indica (Neem) Gum Microbiome using Metagenomic Approaches

Saxena¹,

Singh²,

Chakdar³

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Indian lilac or neem (Azadirachta indica) is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent. Each part of the tree is a source of various phytochemicals. Neem gum is an exudate from mature parts of the plant stem. Biochemically, it has an acidic pH range (5–6) and is composed of monosaccharides, saponins, phenols, and tannins. This study aimed to elucidate the diversity of neem gum-associated microflora through high throughput metagenomics approach using 16S rRNA variable region sequencing. The bacterial community of neem gum was dominated by Firmicutes (~82%), Proteobacteria (~18%), and Actinobacteria (~0.02%). Among the genera, Lactococcus was found to be the most dominant bacterium. The predominance of Lactococcus in neem gum is probably due to its acidic nature, which provides a suitable microenvironment for its proliferation. In addition, Lactococcus and beneficial microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Pantoea, Klebsiella, and Methylobacterium were also present in the gum. This study highlights the fact that neem gum can be exploited as a unique source of microorganisms for biotechnological and agricultural applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Azadirachta indica (Neem) Gum Microbiome using Metagenomic Approaches

Saxena¹,

Singh²,

Chakdar³

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Today they are one of the most important potential sources for the creation of new pesticides [ 6 – 9 ]. Several studies have shown that plant extracts contain active antibacterial ingredients, many of which have been extracted, developed, and applied as botanical fungicides [ 10 – 13 ]. However, identifying which species in the voluminous plant kingdom contain effective concentrations of active substances, and which of the ingredients in the 400,000 known secondary metabolites derived from plants have insecticidal activity [ 14 ], has been and will continue to be a puzzle to be solved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Korea, 33 biopesticides are registered, of which 19 are fungicides, 13 are insecticides, and 1 is an herbicide [ 15 ]. Industrial versions of ingredients, such as azadirachtin, matrine, rotenone, nicotine, celangulin, veratramine, ethylicin, physcion, aconitine, and eucalyptol have become the backbone of the botanical pesticide industry [ 10 ]. These substances are principally applied for their insecticidal effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via specific extraction and separation. Then, lignan-like substances, such as Schisanhenol B, were detected via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses of the active fractions. Moreover, the results from biological tests on colony growth inhibition and spore germination indicated that SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III could inhibit hyphal growth and spore generation of three important plant pathogenic fungi (Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea). The study of the mechanisms of resistant fungi revealed that the oxidation resistance system, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was activated. The expression of genes related to defense, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR4), α-farnesene synthase (AFS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were shown to be up-regulated after treatment with SEs, which suggested an increase in apple immunity and that fruits were induced to effectively defend against the infection of pathogenic fungi (B. dothidea). This study revealed that SEs and their lignans represent promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against pathogenic fungi.

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Interactions of host-plant resistance and foliar insecticides for soybean aphid management

Hanson

Koch

2018

Crop Protection

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Scope and Limitations of Neem Products and Other Botanicals in Plant Protection

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Deciphering Azadirachta indica (Neem) Gum Microbiome using Metagenomic Approaches

Deciphering Azadirachta indica (Neem) Gum Microbiome using Metagenomic Approaches

Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects

Interactions of host-plant resistance and foliar insecticides for soybean aphid management

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