Scoping review to identify potential non-antimicrobial interventions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance in commensal enteric bacteria in North American cattle production systems

Abstract

SUMMARYA scoping review was conducted to identify modifiable non-antimicrobial factors to reduce the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cattle populations. Searches were developed to retrieve peer-reviewed published studies in animal, human and in vitro microbial populations. Citations were retained when modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or interventions potentially associated with antimicrobial resistance were described. Studies described resistance in five bacterial genera, species or types, and 40 antimicrobials. Modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or interventions ranged widely in type, and the depth of evidence in animal populations was shallow. Specific associations between a factor or intervention with antimicrobial resistance in a population (e.g. associations between organic systems and tetracycline susceptibility in E. coli from cattle) were reported in a maximum of three studies. The identified non-antimicrobial factors or interventions were classified into 16 themes. Most reported associations between the non-antimicrobial modifiable factors or interventions and antimicrobial resistance were not statistically significant (P > 0·05 and a confidence interval including 1), but when significant, the results were not consistent in direction (increase or decrease in antimicrobial resistance) or magnitude. Research is needed to better understand the impacts of promising modifiable factors or interventions on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance before any recommendations can be offered or adopted.

Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle, chickens and pigs: A scoping review of publications for use in modelling of antimicrobial resistance (IAM.AMR Project)

“…Antimicrobial resistance has been studied for decades and has a vast and diverse body of peer‐reviewed literature. However, when investigating risk factors or potential interventions to alter the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in a specific antimicrobial‐bacteria‐host population, there is little breadth or depth in the published literature; this finding has been observed in previous work (Murphy et al, ). In the present study, antimicrobial use (particularly therapeutic use) was the most commonly reported factor investigated for the selected scenarios.…”

Cellular and humoral immunity in a wild mammal: Variation with age & sex and association with overwinter survival

“…What do levels of circulating anti‐Tc IgG antibodies tell us about host immunity in this population that our other immune parameters do not? In our study population, gastrointestinal nematodes appear to represent the major parasite pressure (Craig, Pilkington, & Pemberton, 2006; Graham et al., 2016). Anti‐Tc antibodies measure levels of circulating immunoglobulins with known effector function against a specific ecologically important parasite, as opposed to our other measures which characterize the relative proportions of functionally distinct immune cell types.…”

Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli in Pigs Receiving Oral Antimicrobial Treatment: A Systematic Review

“…27,30 The route of association with AMU may often be neither direct nor indirect, but a mixture, in the same way that the association can, to a certain extent, be direct and indirect with AMR. For instance, an improved biosecurity measure can directly reduce transmission of AMR, but also indirectly reduce transmission of diseases, hence lead to a decrease in further AMU and finally result in a reduction in AMR.…”