FNAC study of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor): Clinico‐radiological correlation and cytopathological features

Abstract

Background: Localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor (GCT) or giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), is a benign nodular lesion that arises from the synovium of the tendon sheath of the hands and foot. GCTTS is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells and proliferation of synovial-like mononuclear cells. A clinical diagnosis of GCTTS is kept as a differential when a firm, nodular mass shows decreased signal intensity on both T1-and T2-weighted MR imaging. Treatment is usually marginal excision of the mass.Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study, observed in the past 3 years at a tertiary care hospital. Those cases were included in the study in which histopathological confirmation was available or if clinico-radiological features were confirmatory of the diagnosis of GCTTS when correlated with cytological features.Results: There was a total of 24 cases, out of which 16 were females and 8 males.The tumor was located in the upper limb in 21 cases and in 3 cases the tumor was present in the lower limb. In the upper limb, 18 cases were on the right side and three cases were on the left side. In the lower limb, 1 case was present on the left and 2 on the right side. The cytomorphology consisted of mononuclear stromal cells, multinucleated giant cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in variable numbers. Conclusion:It is important to accurately diagnose and categorize giant cell-containing lesions because their prognosis depends on the exact categorization of the tumor.