“…Health care utilization outcomes were used as the main outcomes in all but two studies ( n = 12) (Bryant & Gaspar, 2014; Coppa et al, 2018; Counsell et al, 2007; Dick & Frazier, 2006; Jones, DeCherrie, et al, 2017; Kobb et al, 2003; Muramatsu et al, 2004; Palfrey et al, 2004; Stuck et al, 1995; Swartz & Meadows-Oliver, 2019; Wajnberg et al, 2010; Zimmer et al, 1985). The most common measure was hospitalization ( n = 12) (Bryant & Gaspar, 2014; Coppa et al, 2018; Counsell et al, 2007; Dick & Frazier, 2006; Jones, DeCherrie, et al, 2017; Kobb et al, 2003; Muramatsu et al, 2004; Palfrey et al, 2004; Stuck et al, 1995; Swartz & Meadows-Oliver, 2019; Wajnberg et al, 2010; Zimmer et al, 1985), ED visit ( n = 8) (Coppa et al, 2018; Counsell et al, 2007; Dick & Frazier, 2006; Kobb et al, 2003; Muramatsu et al, 2004; Palfrey et al, 2004; Swartz & Meadows-Oliver, 2019; Zimmer et al, 1985), and nursing home admission ( n = 3) (Stuck et al, 1995; Wajnberg et al, 2010; Zimmer et al, 1985). Utilization outcomes were often captured by health records ( n = 4) (Bryant & Gaspar, 2014; Counsell et al, 2007; Kobb et al, 2003; Swartz & Meadows-Oliver, 2019), patient- or caregiver-reported questionnaires or diaries ( n = 3) (Jones, DeCherrie, et al, 2017; Palfrey et al, 2004; Zimmer et al, 1985), both health records and claims ( n = 2) (Coppa et al, 2018; Wajnberg et al, 2010), provider qualitative interviews or focus groups ( n = 2) (Dick & Frazier, 2006; Muramatsu et al, 2004), or billing or insurance claims (Stuck et al, 1995).…”