MicroRNA sequence and function analysis in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis: An animal study

Abstract

Objective: To compare miRNA expression levels and predict relevant target genes and signaling pathways in peri-implantitis and periodontitis.Background: There are many differences between periodontitis and peri-implantitis.An understanding of the similarities and differences in the transcriptional patterns of these diseases, as well as the molecular mechanisms, is beneficial for the development of management strategies. Materials and methods:Rat models of periodontitis (PD, n = 6) and peri-implantitis (PI, n = 5) were established by ligation. Implantation without ligation (PIC, n = 5) and normal rats (PDC, n = 6) were used as controls. Micro-CT was used to confirm the successful establishment of the model. Gingiva was harvested for miRNA transcriptome sequencing, and the results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. miRNA target genes were predicted with miRTarBase. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed.Results: Sixty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in PI vs. PD, 105 were differentially expressed in PI vs. PIC, and 70 were differentially expressed in PD vs. PDC (log 2 FC ≥1 and padj <0.05). The upregulated genes in all three comparisons were mostly involved in the biological process response to stimulus, whereas most of the downregulated genes were involved in nervous system development (p < .01).The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD and PI vs. PIC were involved in Toll-like receptor signaling and RIG-I-like signaling. The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD were involved in T-and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, and osteoclast differentiation. Focal adhesion was downregulated in all three comparisons, and adherens junction was downregulated in PI vs. PD and PD vs. PDC (p < .1). Conclusion:This study showed differences in the miRNA expression profiles between peri-implantitis and periodontitis and annotated the possible target genes and molecular mechanisms; this study could lay a foundation for the development of management strategies.

Efficacy of adjuvant metronidazole therapy on peri-implantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical studies

“…actinomycetemcomitans and 41 negative cases, also found no specific benefit from the use of metronidazole in combination with amoxicillin. Certain similarities in terms of biomarkers of bone destruction and causative microbial agents, in peri-implant and periodontal pathologies and the frequent coincidence of both in the same patient, have led some researchers to investigate both pathologies together or to design studies on peri-implantitis based on those performed on periodontitis (Mombelli and Dećaillet, 2011), although Liu et al and Zhang et al (Liu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2022). observed that peri-implantitis and periodontitis have significantly different microRNA and long-chain RNA expression profiles, indicating that osteoclast differentiation pathways are more active in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis.…”

Comparative transcriptome analysis of periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in human subjects

“…12 Because of recent advances in sequencing and bioinformatics analysis technologies, open-ended molecular analysis has enabled us to take a step closer to reveal the molecular pathology of peri-implantitis, [13][14][15] and research on genetic factors is currently actively underway. 16,17 If the genetic factors involved in the progression of peri-implantitis are identified, this signal can be applied to tissue engineering to allow exposure of the growth factors on the defect site for a long duration and maintain a constant level of a specific protein. 18 Therefore, in this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and related pathways in peri-implantitis were identified through transcriptional analysis of healthy gingiva, periodontitis tissue, and peri-implantitis tissue.…”

“…Certainly, these etiopathogenic factors may be directly or indirectly modulated by genetic factors known as one of the predisposing risk factors for peri‐implantitis 12 . Because of recent advances in sequencing and bioinformatics analysis technologies, open‐ended molecular analysis has enabled us to take a step closer to reveal the molecular pathology of peri‐implantitis, 13–15 and research on genetic factors is currently actively underway 16,17 . If the genetic factors involved in the progression of peri‐implantitis are identified, this signal can be applied to tissue engineering to allow exposure of the growth factors on the defect site for a long duration and maintain a constant level of a specific protein 18 …”