SBMYv3: Improved MobYOLOv3 a BAM attention‐based approach for obscene image and video detection

Abstract

Countless cybercrime instances have shown the need for detecting and blocking obscene material from social media sites. Deep learning methods (DLMs) outperformed in recognizing obscene content flooded on many online platforms. However, these contemporary DLMs primarily treat the recognition of obscene content as a simple task of binary classification, rather than focusing on the labelling of obscene areas. Hence, many of these methods could not pay attention to the fact that misclassification samples are so diverse. Therefore, this paper focuses on two aspects (i) developing a deep learning model that could classify and label the obscene portion, and (ii) generating a labelled obscene image dataset with a wide variety of obscene samples to minimize the risks of inaccurate recognition. We have proposed a method named S3Pooling based bottleneck attention module (BAM) embedded MobileNetV2‐YOLOv3 (SBMYv3) for automatic detection of obscene content using an attention mechanism and a suitable pooling strategy. The key contributions of our article are: (i) generation of a well‐labelled obscene image dataset with a variety of augmentation strategies using Pix‐2‐Pix GAN (ii) modifications to the backend architecture of YOLOv3 using MobileNetV2 and BAM to ensure focused and accurate feature extraction, and (iii) selection of an optimal pooling strategy, that is, S3Pooling strategy, while taking the design of the feature extractor into account. The proposed SBMYv3 model outperformed other state‐of‐the‐art models with 99.26% testing accuracy, 99.39% recall, 99.13% precision, and 99.13% IoU values respectively.

Global Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Reliability Using Cliff Delta

“…Although Cliff's delta has been applied in numerous studies, see e.g. [50,51,52,53,54], its utilization in global sensitivity analysis of reliability is absent. This chapter demonstrates that the sensitivity measures based on the squared value of Cliff's delta, δ 𝐶𝐶 2 , exhibit properties similar to variance in Sobol's sensitivity analysis [7,8], oriented to reliability [16,17].…”

ASYv3: Attention‐enabled pooling embedded Swin transformer‐based YOLOv3 for obscenity detection

“…The literature offers relatively little in the way of methods for detecting pornographic regions in obscene material (AlDahoul et al, 2020; Samal, Zhang, et al, 2023; Srivastava et al, 2020). In (Samal, Zhang, et al, 2023), the SBMYv3 model was proposed which is a BAM‐enabled YOLOv3 for the detection of obscene images and videos.…”

“…The literature offers relatively little in the way of methods for detecting pornographic regions in obscene material (AlDahoul et al, 2020; Samal, Zhang, et al, 2023; Srivastava et al, 2020). In (Samal, Zhang, et al, 2023), the SBMYv3 model was proposed which is a BAM‐enabled YOLOv3 for the detection of obscene images and videos. In (AlDahoul et al, 2020), YOLO‐CNN was utilized for feature extraction and a support vector machine (SVM) for categorizing the extracted features into two distinct classes.…”

DeepCens: A deep learning‐based system for real‐time image and video censorship

“…However, no practical application was developed, and the real-time filtering of pornography was left as a future work. Samal et al (2023) also focused on explicit content and proposed a deep learning model for the detection of obscene images and videos. The model was built upon the MobYOLOv3 architecture and incorporated a BAM (Bottleneck Attention Module) attention mechanism to enhance the model's accuracy.…”