2016
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12389
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TBHIV co‐infection: a catastrophic comradeship

Abstract: The symbiotic association of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV poses a challenge to human survival. HIV complicates every aspect of TB including presentation, diagnosis and treatment. HIV–TB patients encounter unique problems like drug–drug interactions, cumulative toxicity, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), lower plasma drug levels and emergence of drug resistance during treatment despite adherence. TB may also be overdiagnosed in HIV due to a number of diseases that closely resemble TB. Notable amo… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…Although our model take into account factors such as slow-fast process [40][41][42], vaccination [23][24][25], reinfection [20][21][22], reactivated [28,29] and undiagnosed infection [20,43], these factors are not enough. We did not take into account factors such as interactions with HIV [26,27], immigration [73,74] and drug-resistant TB bacilli [65,75,76]. In addition to the aforementioned factors, we also did not take into account residents' medical expenditure and awareness of disease control to discuss the prevention and control measures in this study.…”
Section: Deficiencymentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Although our model take into account factors such as slow-fast process [40][41][42], vaccination [23][24][25], reinfection [20][21][22], reactivated [28,29] and undiagnosed infection [20,43], these factors are not enough. We did not take into account factors such as interactions with HIV [26,27], immigration [73,74] and drug-resistant TB bacilli [65,75,76]. In addition to the aforementioned factors, we also did not take into account residents' medical expenditure and awareness of disease control to discuss the prevention and control measures in this study.…”
Section: Deficiencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 1962, Waaler et al established the first dynamic model of TB based on a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model [19]. From then on, many models, which take multiple influencing factors into consideration, have been established, such as reinfection [20][21][22], vaccination [23][24][25], interactions with HIV [26,27], reactivated [28,29], Chemoprophylaxis [18] and so on [30][31][32][33]. Revelle et al considered prophylaxis, cure and BCG vaccination to research the optimal strategy to fight against TB, which was then extensively used to study the epidemic model of transmission for infectious disease in 1967 [34].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intensive screening for TB and other opportunistic infections along with INH and cotrimaxozole prophylaxis reduces IRIS incidence [ 149 , 167 – 169 ]. ART initiation before CD4 goes down considerably could protect against opportunistic infections and subsequent IRIS [ 148 ].…”
Section: Antiretroviral Treatment (Art) In Hiv-ptbmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of this disease remains high, particularly in developing countries 1 . Such increase may be partly attributed to an increased incidence of HIV co-infection, which reduces cell-mediated immunity 2 , as well as the development of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis 3 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%