Scratch hardness at a small scale: Experimental methods and correlation to nanoindentation hardness

Tsybenko, Hanna; Farzam, Farnaz; Dehm, Gerhard; Brinckmann, Steffen

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107168

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Since the nanoindentation, from which the macroscopic hardness can be calculated, also probes the plastic behavior of the surface close region of the material, there is hope that the two methods could be compared. 42 Because of the many parameters involved, the exact connection between scratch hardness and indentation hardness is not known, but monotonic relation exists. Thus, using several assumptions, we will estimate the macroscopic hardness of our nanolayers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Carbide Nanolayer Formation by Ion Beam Mixing with Argon and Xenon Ions for Applications as Protective Coatings

Racz

Kun

Kerner

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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A novel nanolayer is formed by means of ion irradiation applicable as protective coating. Tungsten carbide (WC)-rich nanolayers were produced at room temperature by applying ion beam mixing of various carbon/tungsten (C/W) multilayer structures using argon and xenon ions with energy in the range of 40−120 keV and fluences between 0.25 and 3 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 . The hardness of the nanolayers was estimated by means of standard scratch test applying an atomic force microscope equipped with a diamond-coated tip (radius < 10 nm); the applied load was 2 μN. The irradiation-induced hardness of the nanolayers correlated with the areal density of the WC; with the increasing amount of WC, the hardness of the nanolayer increased. The produced layers had an order of magnitude better corrosion resistance than a commercially available WC cermet circular saw. If the WC amount was high enough, the hardness of the layer became higher than that of the investigated WC cermet. These findings allow us to tune and design the mechanical and chemical properties of the WC protective coatings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Carbide Nanolayer Formation by Ion Beam Mixing with Argon and Xenon Ions for Applications as Protective Coatings

Racz

Kun

Kerner

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The average hardness test results of LNKBASSb 0.2 , LNKBASCe 0.04 , and LNKBASDy 2.0 are 750.6HV0.1/10, 730.7 HV0.1/10, and 724.5 HV0.1/10, respectively. 750.6HV0.1/10 means that a test force of 0.1 kg‐force is applied, and the hardness value is 750.6 after holding for 10 s 37,38 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, LNKBAS glasses with excellent transparency capacity have been successfully prepared and are located in the core of the ternary phase diagram glass formation zone. Figure 3B test force of 0.1 kg-force is applied, and the hardness value is 750.6 after holding for 10 s. 37,38 The DTA and corresponding thermal expansion curves are shown in Figure 4. Therefore, LNKBAS glass transition temperature (T g ) occurs at 407 • C, the softening temperature (T f ) locates at 470 • C, and the crystallization temperature (T c ) measures at 631 • C, respectively.…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation expansion in the high‐energy UV region for Dy³⁺‐doped medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors

Tian

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Medium‐temperature molten Dy3+‐doped silicate (LNKBAS) glass phosphors can be excited efficiently in the low‐energy ultraviolet region (UVA). To this end, the addition of sensitizers Sb3+ and Ce3+ expands the validly excitable wavelength of Dy3+ from 348 to 248 nm. Fluorescence spectra demonstrate the superposition effect of the sensitization in the high‐energy ultraviolet region (UVC), and the multiplicative effect of sensitization in the UVA and medium‐energy ultraviolet region (UVB) for Sb3+–Ce3+–Dy3+ tri‐doped LNKBAS glass phosphors. The chromaticity coordinate of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.1Dy1.0 is (0.2725, 0.3031) at 248 nm excitation, and the sensitization coefficient of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.2Dy1.0 reaches at 19.85 under 309 nm excitation. Static fluorescence photographs and dynamic fluorescence video reveal the excitation expansion and the multiplicative effect of sensitization to Dy3+ by adding sensitizers at a macroscopic level. In general, the ideal rare‐earth energy conversion in medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors offers promising prospects for saving energy and manufacturing high‐quality optoelectronic devices.

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“…The scratch width contains no elastic contribution. But the scratch depth contains a significant elastic contribution and recovers during unloading [36].…”

Section: Nanoindentation and Scratching Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hydrophobic Nanostructured Antibacterial Coatings for Metallic Surface Protection

et al. 2022

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A simple and cost-efficient method to modify different surfaces in order to improve their bioactivity, corrosion and wear resistance proved to be sol-gel coatings. The silane layers have been shown to be effective in the protection of steel, aluminum or magnesium alloys and copper and copper alloys. Moreover, it has been found that the adding of different inorganic nanoparticles into silica films leads to increasing their performance regarding corrosion protection. In this study, we fabricated, a simple sol-gel method, transparent mono- and bi-layered hydrophobic coatings with simultaneous antibacterial, hydrophobic and anti-corrosive properties for the protection of metallic surfaces against the action of air pollutants or from biological attacks of pathogens. The first layer (the base) of the coating contains silver (Ag) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with an antibacterial effect. The second layer includes zinc oxide nanoparticles with flower-like morphology to increase the hydrophobicity of the coating and to improve corrosion-resistant properties. The second layer of the coating contains a fluorinated silica derivative, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl triethoxysilane (PFOTES), which contributes to the hydrophobic properties of the final coating by means of its hydrophobic groups. The mono- and bi-layered coatings with micro/nano rough structures have been applied by brushing on various substrates, including metallic surfaces (copper, brass and mild steel) and glass (microscope slides). The as-prepared coatings showed improved hydrophobic properties (water CA >90°) when compared with the untreated substrates while maintaining the transparent aspect. The corrosion resistance tests revealed significantly lower values of the corrosion rates recorded for all the protected metallic surfaces, with the lowest values being measured for the bi-layered coatings containing ZnO particles, both in the first and in the second layers of the coating. Considering the antibacterial activity, the most effective were the AOAg-II and AOZnO-II coatings, which exhibited the highest reduction of microbial growth.

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Scratch hardness at a small scale: Experimental methods and correlation to nanoindentation hardness

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Tungsten Carbide Nanolayer Formation by Ion Beam Mixing with Argon and Xenon Ions for Applications as Protective Coatings

Tungsten Carbide Nanolayer Formation by Ion Beam Mixing with Argon and Xenon Ions for Applications as Protective Coatings

Excitation expansion in the high‐energy UV region for Dy³⁺‐doped medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors

Novel Hydrophobic Nanostructured Antibacterial Coatings for Metallic Surface Protection

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Scratch hardness at a small scale: Experimental methods and correlation to nanoindentation hardness

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Tungsten Carbide Nanolayer Formation by Ion Beam Mixing with Argon and Xenon Ions for Applications as Protective Coatings

Tungsten Carbide Nanolayer Formation by Ion Beam Mixing with Argon and Xenon Ions for Applications as Protective Coatings

Excitation expansion in the high‐energy UV region for Dy3+‐doped medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors

Novel Hydrophobic Nanostructured Antibacterial Coatings for Metallic Surface Protection

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Product

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Excitation expansion in the high‐energy UV region for Dy³⁺‐doped medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors