Screen-printed copper ion-selective electrodes

Abstract

A simple, low-cost and reproducible method for the mass production of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for copper ions is presented. These planar, strip sensors were obtained by screen-printing. The application of pastes cured at low temperature allows printing of the sensors on low-cost, plastic substrates. The pastes for printing of ion-sensitive thick-film membranes were based on copper (1) and copper (II) sulfides. The analytical characteristics of the thick-film electrodes were compared. The analytical properties (range of determination, sensitivity, selectivity, response time) of the copper (I) sulfide-based sensors were comparable with those for conventional ion-selective electrodes.

Sensors for Corrosion Detection: Measurement of Copper Ions in 3.5% Sodium Chloride Using Screen-Printed Platinum Electrodes

“…The desire to mass produce potentiometric sensors at low cost has motivated many researchers to turn their attention to screen-printing techniques [9]- [11]. For instance, Koncki et al produced a screen-printed copper(II) sensor based on Cu 2 S immobilized in a polymer matrix and printed over a silver back contact [9].…”

“…For instance, Koncki et al produced a screen-printed copper(II) sensor based on Cu 2 S immobilized in a polymer matrix and printed over a silver back contact [9]. They reported a linear response with a sensitivity of 30 mV decade -1 over the Cu 2+ concentration range of 20 µM to 10 mM with a lower limit of detection slightly better than 10 µM.…”

Miniaturized, Planar Ion-selective Electrodes Fabricated by Means of Thick-film Technology

“…Membranes of solid-state electrodes for copper (II) and silver ions were made of graphite paste, doped with metal sulphide: Cu 2 S [6,7] and Ag 2 S [8], respectively. Analytical parameters of these sensors are comparable with those reported for conventional potentiometric electrodes.…”

Formation of autonomous ion sensors based on ion insertion-type materials

“…Indeed in the pristine configuration of such electrodes, a thin selective membrane was directly deposited on an electronic conductor allowing planar configurations and easy integration. Basically, the sensing device can easily be miniaturized by means of various thin film elaboration techniques such as screen printing [4,5], Pulsed Laser Deposition [6,7], e-beam evaporation [8], RF Sputtering [9] or polymeric membrane casting for the materials incorporation. However, while the ionic equilibrium between the solid and the solution was well defined, poor definition of the electronic transfer equilibrium at the membrane/solid contact interface led to badly defined electrode potential, which drifted with time.…”