Screening for Congenital Color Vision Deficiency in Primary Children in Port Harcourt City; Teachers\' knowledge and performance

Tabansi, Petronilla N.; Anochie, IC; Nkanginieme, K E O; Pedro-Egbe, CN

doi:10.4314/njm.v17i4.37427

Cited by 20 publications

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“…In the United States, several studies that looked at the prevalence of CVD have reported CVD prevalence in boys ranging from 2.6% to 7.6% and in girls from 0.5% to 1.3%. 8,10, 11, 20,26,34,35 The finding of higher prevalence in males is consistent with the fact that red and green pigment genes involved in color vision are located on the X chromosome, making congenital CVD much more common in boys than in girls. Racial and ethnic differences in CVD prevalence have been reported, 2, 9,10,36 with the prevalence consistently 6% or higher in racial groups such as European whites and lower prevalences in African and Hispanic populations.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…To date, there have been no population-based studies of CVD in preschool children. The prevalence of CVD has been studied in various population groups around the world, 1–35 with the prevalence in most populations reported to be from 2% to 10% for boys and less than 0.1% to 3% for girls. In the United States, several studies that looked at the prevalence of CVD have reported CVD prevalence in boys ranging from 2.6% to 7.6% and in girls from 0.5% to 1.3%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Color Vision Deficiency in Preschool Children

et al. 2014

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Purpose To determine the sex- and ethnicity-specific prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) in black, Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white preschool children. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study is a population-based evaluation of the prevalence of vision disorders in children in Southern California. A total of 5960 subjects 30 to 72 months of age were recruited for the study, of whom 4177 were able to complete color vision testing (1265 black, 812 Asian, 1280 Hispanic, and 820 non-Hispanic white). Methods Color vision testing was performed using Color Vision Testing Made Easy color plates (Home Vision Care, Gulf Breeze, FL), and diagnostic confirmatory testing was performed using the Waggoner HRR Diagnostic Test color plates (Home Vision Care). Main Outcome Measures Testability of color vision in preschool children between 30 and 72 months of age and prevalence of CVD stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity. Results Testability was 17% in children younger than 37 months of age, increasing to 57% in children 37 to 48 months of age, 89% in children 49 to 60 months of age, and 98% in children 61 to 72 months of age. The prevalence of CVD among boys was 1.4% for black, 3.1% for Asian, 2.6% for Hispanic, and 5.6% for non-Hispanic white children; the prevalence in girls was 0.0% to 0.5% for all ethnicities. The ethnic difference in CVD was statistically significant between black and non-Hispanic white children (P = 0.0003) and between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children (P = 0.02). In boys, most CVD cases were either deutan (51%) or protan (34%); 32% were classified as mild, 15% as moderate, and 41% as severe. Conclusions Testability for CVD in preschool children is high by 4 years of age. The prevalence of CVD in preschool boys varies by ethnicity, with the highest prevalence in non-Hispanic white and lowest in black children.

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confidence: 65%

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confidence: 99%

Color Vision Deficiency in Preschool Children

et al. 2014

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“…A prevalence of 2.8% for color vision disorder was gotten for this study, (p-value 0.000), following assessment with the Ishihara plates. This was similar to that gotten by Tabansi et al [10] who had a prevalence of 2.6%, Nwosu et al [11] who also had a prevalence of 2.4% and Ugalahi et al 2.3% in Ibadan [12]. The slight differences noted may have been as a result of the differences in sample sizes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This agrees with several studies carried out worldwide, [8 21,22,23,24,25] , and may have also been influenced by the fact that the commonest inheritance pattern of CVD is said to be the X linked [4]. The prevalence in males in the index study was found to be lower than values gotten by William et al [21] in Lagos Nigeria and Tabansi et al [10] in Port Harcourt. This may be explained by the fact that studies especially the former, had a larger sample size and had a higher proportion of color blind individuals.…”

Section: Fig 3 Pattern Of Color Blindness Insupporting

confidence: 91%

Pattern and Prevalence of Color Vision Disorders amongst Secondary School Students in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aprioku

Awoyesuku

2019

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Aims: To determine the prevalence and pattern of color vision disorders (CVD) amongst secondary school students in Rivers State. Study Design: A community based descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from the 20th of January to the 30th of April 2014. Methodology: A community based descriptive cross sectional study where study subjects were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique with inclusion criteria of consenting students with visual acuity >6/24. Ethical clearance for test was obtained from institution. Socio-demographic data obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire. A comprehensive ocular examination was done and color vision assessed using the Ishihara 24 plate 2009 edition and the Farnsworth Munsell D 15 test for those who failed the Ishihara test. The prevalence of color vision disorder was determined by those that failed the Ishihara test. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviations were determined for age. The age groups gender, other demographic distribution of the subjects amongst other was presented using frequency tables and charts. Statistical significance was put at p ≤ 0.05. Results: 1000 students were studied which consisted of four hundred and ninety five males (n=495; 49.4%) and five hundred and six females (n=506; 50.6%), with a male female ratio of 1:1.02. Mean age of subjects was 14.3±1.8 years with an age range of 9-20 years. The prevalence of color vision disorders was 2.8% (p-value 0.000) and was higher in males (2.1%) than females (0.7%) (P-value 0.000). Deutan defects were the most predominant (1.8%) compared to protan defects (0.4%) and tritan defects (0.2%). Conclusion: The study showed a prevalence of color vision disorders of 2.8% with male preponderance among secondary school students. Deutan color vision defects were most prevalent.

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“…Out of these, three had red-green defect and 2 had red-blue color deficiency. Tabansi [20] reported a lower prevalence of 2.6% in primary school children of southern Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%