Sexual activity among 534 Nigerian female secondary school students was studied using self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence of sexual intercourse was 25.7%. There was no significant difference between the junior (48.2%) and senior (51.8%) students (p > 0.05). Seventeen (12.4%) students had initiated sexual intercourse before 11 years. The frequency of sexual exposure was high, with 34.3% of the students having intercourse more than once in a week. Pregnancy rate among sexually active females was 27.0%, with 24.8% rate of induced abortion. Early sexual health education starting from primary school would be helpful in influencing the reproductive decisions and sexual behaviour of the students, including contraceptive acceptance and usage, to avoid teenage pregnancy. Education of parents is also recommended in order to overcome the cultural barriers that discourage parents from providing sex education to their children at home.

Background: Methods Results Conclusion Key wordsMicroalbuminuria is an early manifestation of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). This study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in children with HIV infection in Port Harcourt, Nigeria : Urine specimen of 50 children with HIV infection seen over a 4months period (October 2007-February 2008 was assayed for albumin and creatinine to determine urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) of greater than 2.5 -25mg/mmol. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Schwartz formula.: There were 28 (56%) males and 22 (44%) females with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. They aged 1 month to 18 years with a mean age of 4.07 ± 3.61years. Microalbuminuria occurred in 6 (12%) patients; 3 males and 3 females, mean age of 5.5 ± 4.6 years. Five (83.3%) of the patients with microalbuminuria had clinical AIDS and CD4 cell count 0cells/ L. All the patients with microalbuminuria were not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the time of study. One (16.7%) patient had overt HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) with ACR greater than 2.5 mg/mmol, elevated serum creatinine 400µmmo/L, urea of 20mmol/L and a GFR of 69ml/min/1.73m .: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in Nigerian children with HIV infection is high, and it occurs mainly in older children with clinical AIDS who are not on HARRT.: Microalbuminuria, HIV infection, children. Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

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Objective: To evaluate the ability of primary school teachers to perform simple vision screening on their school pupils, so as to determine if they can provide the first level of school vision screening services, and refer to the ophthalmologist for further evaluation when necessary. Methods: Using a multi-stage sampling technique, 130 teachers were randomly selected from 13 schools in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. They were trained for six hours at a skills acquisition workshop on vision disorders in children and vision screening using Snellen visual acuity charts. Subsequently, they screened 1,300 of their pupils, who were all re-screened by the research team. Results: One hundred and ten female (84.6%) and 20 male teachers (15.4%) participated in the study. Seventy (53.8%) were from public schools while 60 (46.2%) were from private schools. The sensitivity of the teachers' visual acuity test, compared to that of the research team, was 53.3%, with a high specificity of 94.6%. The positive and negative predictive values of the teachers' test were also high. The teachers' visual acuity measurements showed moderate agreement with that of the research team with a Kappa score of 0.604. Conclusion: The study concluded that trained primary school teachers can effectively perform vision screening in school children using Snellen visual acuity charts for early detection and treatment of vision disorders in school pupils.