Screening for potential hazard effects from four nitramines on human eye and skin

Reduction of a Heme Cofactor Initiates N -Nitroglycine Degradation by NnlA

“…Linear nitramines exhibit less acute toxicity than cyclic nitramines, but they have been shown to be skin and eye irritants (20,21). Of greater concern, they are potential carcinogens (22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Hazard assessment of nitrosamine and nitramine by-products of amine-based CCS: Alternative approaches

“…The three nitramines included in the list all have a LD 50 of around 10 mmol/kg bw and are in the mid-range of N-nitroso compound acute toxicity. Only for a few nitramines data on skin irritation and corrosion, eye irritation, and skin sensitization are available, all generated by Fjellsbø et al (2011Fjellsbø et al ( , 2013. The first three endpoints were tested using OECD guidelines under GLP conditions, while the last was assessed using the VITOSENS assay as described by Hooyberghs et al (2008), which has no regulatory status.…”

Comparative in Vitro Toxicity of Nitrosamines and Nitramines Associated with Amine-based Carbon Capture and Storage

“…31−34 Recently, Dusinska and colleagues analyzed CCS-associated nitramines (N-nitrodimethylamine, N-nitromethylamine, N-nitroethanolamine, and 2-methyl-2-(nitroamino)-1-propanol) with the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability assay; although none of the four nitramines were skin irritants, they expressed varied levels of eye irritation response. 35 Whether nitramines exhibit cancer potencies comparable to those of nitrosamines represents a key question for the development of regulatory levels for aminebased CO 2 . In the absence of this information, the Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency considered the cancer potencies to be equivalent, issuing a permit for the CO 2 capture facility at Mongstad, 36 Norway that limited the total concentrations of N-nitrosamines and N-nitramines in airsheds and water supplies downwind of the plant to 0.3 ng/m 3 and 4 ng/L, respectively.…”

“…Although nitramines form as byproducts of disinfection in recreational waters, they tend not to form as byproducts of chloramine disinfection of drinking waters. Limited data are available for animal toxicity and carcinogenicity for N -nitrodimethylamine; − this agent was identified as a promutagen. − Recently, Dusinska and colleagues analyzed CCS-associated nitramines ( N -nitrodimethylamine, N -nitromethylamine, N -nitroethanolamine, and 2-methyl-2-(nitroamino)-1-propanol) with the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability assay; although none of the four nitramines were skin irritants, they expressed varied levels of eye irritation response . Whether nitramines exhibit cancer potencies comparable to those of nitrosamines represents a key question for the development of regulatory levels for amine-based CO 2 .…”