Screening for Substances with Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Combination with Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extracts in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Song, Hee Won; Lee, So‐Yeon; Han, Eun Hye; Yu, Heui Jong; Lim, Mi Kyung

doi:10.3746/jkfn.2019.48.2.282

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We observed that FPGE markedly suppressed NF-κB luciferase activity ( Supplementary Fig. 1) induced by LPS, supporting previous research that FPGE has anti-inflammatory effects [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Fermentation process increased the platycodin D content in PG extract [ 18 ]. The immune-related effects of platycodin D have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunoadjuvant activity [ 16 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gamma cyclodextrin was added to the total solid content to a final concentration of 10%, and the product was autoclaved at 95°C for 1 h. After sterilization, the product was dried using a spray dryer (Ein system, Seoul, Korea). FPGE was previously analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) [18]. The main active ingredient of FPGE was platycodin D, which was 4 times higher content than in PG extract.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Extract From Fpgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fermented PG extract (FPGE), which was made by incubation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, increased the platycodin D content when compared to raw PG [18]. However, the underlying immune-enhancing mechanisms of FPGE in macrophage cells are largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

Park

Lee

2020

Nutr Res Pract

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), an oriental herbal medicine, has been known to improve liver function, and has both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, little is known about the immune-enhancing effects of PG and its mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fermented PG extract (FPGE), which has increased platycodin D content, activates the immune response in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess reagent. Cytokine messenger RNA levels of were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory actions of FPGE in RAW 264.7 cells, we have conducted luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that FPGE treatment induced macrophage cell proliferation in a dosedependent manner. FPGE also modulated the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The activation and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were increased by FPGE treatment. Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), significantly reduced both lipopolysaccharides-and FPGE-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that FPGE may be a novel immuneenhancing agent acting via AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

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“…We observed that FPGE markedly suppressed NF-κB luciferase activity ( Supplementary Fig. 1) induced by LPS, supporting previous research that FPGE has anti-inflammatory effects [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of the Extract From Fpgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

Park

Lee

2020

Nutr Res Pract

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“…According to reports on phytochemical studies, P. grandiflorum contains triterpenoid saponins (platycodin D, platycoside E, platyconic acid A, and deapioplatycoside E), phenolic acids, minerals, volatile oils, polyacetylene, flavonoids, and polysaccharides that are health-promoting [7]. Pharmacological studies showed that P. grandiflorum had anti-hypercholesterolemic [10], anti-cancer [9,11], anti-proliferative [12], anti-obesity [10], anti-atherosclerotic [13], antioxidant [8,9,14], immunomodulatory [15], anti-inflammatory [14,16], immuno-enhancing [17,18], and anti-microbial [19] properties in in vitro and in vivo models. Polysaccharides from P. grandiflorum and fermented P. grandiflorum extract, which was made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showed immunomodulatory effects in immune cells [15,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro immune-enhancing effects of Platycodon grandiflorum combined with Salvia plebeian via MAPK and NF-κB signaling in RAW264.7 cells

Jang,

Kim,

Rod-in

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The immune-enhancing activity of the combination of Platycodon grandiflorum and Salvia plebeian extracts (PGSP) was evaluated through macrophage activation using RAW264.7 cells. PGSP (250–1000 μg/mL) showed a higher release of NO in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that PGSP could significantly stimulate the production of PGE2, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells and promote iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κB p65 were greatly increased in PGSP-treated cells. PGSP also promoted the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. All these results indicated that PGSP might activate macrophages through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Taken together, PGSP may be considered to have immune-enhancing activity and might be used as a potential immune-enhancing agent.

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FermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumExtracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex SensitivityIn Vivo

Lee

Han

Lim³

et al. 2020

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Screening for Substances with Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Combination with Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extracts in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

Immunomodulatory effects of fermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumextract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells

In vitro immune-enhancing effects of Platycodon grandiflorum combined with Salvia plebeian via MAPK and NF-κB signaling in RAW264.7 cells

FermentedPlatycodon grandiflorumExtracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex SensitivityIn Vivo

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