Screening Medications for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder

Panlilio, Leigh V.; Justinová, Zuzana; Trigo, J.M.; Foll, Bernard Le

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.005

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Sex differences in cannabis withdrawal relate to the telescoping effect (withdrawal is a component of cannabis use disorder) and may contribute to sex differences in treatment outcomes. Here, we summarize sex differences observed in pre-clinical and human laboratory studies of cannabis withdrawal, and refer the reader to earlier reviews [14, 21, 69]. …”

Section: The Status Of Findings For Sex Differences In Cannabis Withdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Withdrawal: a Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Sex Differences

Schlienz

Budney²,

Lee

et al. 2017

Curr Addict Rep

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Purpose of Review This report provides an updated overview of pre-clinical and clinical research on the etiology and biological substrates of the cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Recent Findings Long-term cannabis use is associated with downregulation of type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1). Reduced CB1 receptor density is related to increased withdrawal during early abstinence, and the reduction in CB1 receptor density reverses with extended abstinence. Females have been shown to have increased rate and severity of a subset of cannabis withdrawal symptoms compared with men. Summary Recent studies have extended knowledge of the biological processes and individual difference variables that influence cannabis withdrawal. However, caveats include small sample sizes in clinical studies, participant samples that are predominantly male, and limited examinations of endocannabinoids, enzymes that degrade endocannabinoids, negative allosteric modulators, and other neurobiological systems that may directly impact cannabis withdrawal symptom expression.

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Section: The Status Of Findings For Sex Differences In Cannabis Withdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Withdrawal: a Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Sex Differences

Schlienz

Budney²,

Lee

et al. 2017

Curr Addict Rep

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“…Laboratory studies have been used to evaluate the potential of candidate drugs for addiction treatment (Panlilio et al, 2016; Vandrey and Haney, 2009). In this study we focused on cannabis withdrawal and cravings to further explore the therapeutic potential of Sativex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fixed or self-titrated dosages of Sativex on cannabis withdrawal and cravings

Trigo

Lagzdins

Rehm

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background There is currently no pharmacological treatment approved for cannabis dependence. In this proof of concept study, we assessed the feasibility/effects of fixed and self-titrated dosages of Sativex (1:1, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/cannabidiol (CBD)) on craving and withdrawal from cannabis among nine community-recruited cannabis-dependent subjects. Methods Participants underwent an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial (an ABACADAE design), with four smoke as usual conditions (SAU) (A) separated by four cannabis abstinence conditions (B–E), with administration of either self-titrated/fixed doses of placebo or Sativex (up to 108 mg THC/100 mg CBD). The order of medication administration during abstinence conditions was randomized and counterbalanced. Withdrawal symptoms and craving were assessed using the Cannabis Withdrawal Scale (CWS), Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist (MWC) and Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ). Medication use was assessed during the study by means of self-reports, vial weight control, toxicology and metabolite analysis. Cannabis use was assessed by means of self-reports. Results High fixed doses of Sativex were well tolerated and significantly reduced cannabis withdrawal during abstinence, but not craving, as compared to placebo. Self-titrated doses were lower and showed limited efficacy as compared to high fixed doses. Participants reported a significantly lower “high” following Sativex or placebo as compared to SAU conditions. Cannabis/medication use along the study, as per self-reports, suggests compliance with the study conditions. Conclusions The results found in this proof of concept study warrant further systematic exploration of Sativex as a treatment option for cannabis withdrawal and dependence.

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“…Experiments to address the cellular effects of spice and other cannabimimetic drugs are just starting in animal models [ 21 , 22 ], whereas their long-term effects and genetic modifications are almost unknown. Previous work has already tested the effects of specific SCs that are available for research studies on brain cells such as olfactory neurons [ 10 , 23 ].…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Effects of Drugs of Abuse

Heinbockel

Csóka

2018

IJERPH

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Drug addiction affects a large extent of young people and disadvantaged populations. Drugs of abuse impede brain circuits or affect the functionality of brain circuits and interfere with bodily functions. Cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) form key constituents of marijuana derived from the cannabis plant. Marijuana is a frequently used illegal drug in the USA. Here, we review the effects of cannabinoids at the epigenetic level and the potential role of these epigenetic effects in health and disease. Epigenetics is the study of alterations in gene expression that are transmitted across generations and take place without an alteration in DNA sequence, but are due to modulation of chromatin associated factors by environmental effects. Epigenetics is now known to offer an extra mechanism of control over transcription and how genes are expressed. Insights from research at the genetic and epigenetic level potentially provide venues that allow the translation of the biology of abused drugs to new means of how to treat marijuana substance use disorder or other addictions using pharmacotherapeutic tools.

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Screening Medications for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder

Cited by 15 publications

References 120 publications

Cannabis Withdrawal: a Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Sex Differences

Cannabis Withdrawal: a Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Sex Differences

Effects of fixed or self-titrated dosages of Sativex on cannabis withdrawal and cravings

Epigenetic Effects of Drugs of Abuse

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