Screening of Antibacterial Activities of Edible Plants against Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

The antibacterial activities of 81 edible plants against the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans were investigated. The fresh vegetative crude extracts were subjected to the paper disc method. Furthermore, in order to fractionate the active component, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from freeze-dried samples were also examined. Antibacterial activities were positive in 17 samples, including cinnamon and Japanese ginger. Among these, the stabilities of the active components against heat treatment or storage at 4 ℃ for one week were also investigated. Following these treatments, the activities of balsam pear and garlic extracts were lost, while the active components in ginger, Japanese ginger, clove and cinnamon appeared. Samples of the genus Zingiberaceae, including Japanese ginger and ginger, contained abundant and stable antibacterial components acting against S. mutans.

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Six Indian Plant Extracts against Streptococcus Mutans

“…This is in agreement with another report by O'Hara et al, [39] where following the heat treatments, the activities of balsam pear and garlic extracts were lost, while the active components in ginger, Japanese ginger appeared.…”

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“…A previous study reported similar results, finding 64% mortality in control rainbow trout infected with A. hydrophila compared with 16%, 4% and 0% mortality in fish receiving 1, 0.05 and 0.5% GG, respectively, when fed supplemented commercial diet for two weeks prior to infection (Nya and Austin, 2009b). Ohara et al (2008) reported that the ginger family Zingiberaceae contains the most abundant and stable antibacterial components against S. mutans among 81 tested edible plants. Cumulative mortality of fish fed the CJ diet was also significantly lower than of fish fed the Con, PM, TT and BC diets 5 days post infection.…”

Plants and their metabolites against Streptococcus mutans

“…The Aloe vera gel at 50 and 100% showed inhibition zone of 30 and 54 mm, respectively, and antibacterial action was confirmed by promising results showed in MIC technique (12.5 μg/mL) (Fani and Kohanteb, 2012).The G. lancifolia fruit juice at 5 mg/mL gave 47 mm inhibition zone (Policegoudra et al, 2012) and the bulbo juice from A. sativum at 100 mg/mL showed 30 mm of inhibition zone (OHara et al, 2008). It is important to note that in the case of A. sativum (Jain et al, 2015), although the anti-S. mutans potential has been also confirmed by MIC (6,250 μg/mL) and MBC (12,500 μg/mL), the concentration showed in these two quantitative techniques are not in the parameters established by high impact publications since they use (Cos et al, 2006) reference which, unfortunately, makes uncertain the validation of these species.…”

“…In this review the most frequent category used was polar solvent but it is worth noting that a combination of solvent or crude extracts obtained directly from the plant without solvent addition was also described. By agar diffusion technique, from non-polar solvent extraction, only two showed  18 mm inhibition zone: The hexanic extract from bark of Cinamonum verum (OHara et al, 2008) and the hexanic extract from bark/leaves of Schinuster ebinthifolius (Pereira et al, 2011). Both articles reported the use of dimetylsulfoxide as solvent to solubilize the powdered extracts.…”