Screening of Biological Activity of Solvent Extract from Styela clava Tunic for Fishery Waste Recycling

Abstract

Styela clava tunic is generated in large amounts as a waste from S. clava processing plants and causes environmental problem. Although biological activities of S. clava were reported by many investigators, study on S. clava tunic was little. In this study, therefore, tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidative activities of extracts from S. clava tunic using different solvent were investigated for recycling of the fishery waste. Among extraction methods tested, autoclaved extraction (25.7%) and hot water extraction (18.2%) appeared to be effective for extraction. The highest total phenolic content was 46.6 mg/g in autoclaved extract while the highest flavonoid content was 23.0 mg/g in chloroform extract. All extracts possessed tyrosinase inhibition activity and the inhibition activity was concentration-dependent. Inhibition concentration (IC50) against tyrosinase activity was 0.36×10 4 mg/ml in ethanol extract, 0.11×10 3 mg/ml in acetone extract and 0.27 mg/ml in n-butanol extract.Among extracts tested, hot water and autoclaved extracts displayed higher antioxidative activity than organic solvent extracts. Therefore, our data suggest that extract from S. clava tunic may potential candidate for cosmetic product with whitening effect and medicine for diseases caused by various oxidative stresses.

Toxicity of antioxidative extract collected fromStyela clavatunics in ICR mice

“…In Korea, annual production in suspended culture increased to 2,759 t in 2013 due to demand for it as a raw material in food preparation [ 19 20 ]. However, increased SC results in increased SCT wastes, which causes environmental problems [ 2 21 ]. To provide a solution for this problem, some studies have investigated the possibility for use of novel bioactive materials.…”

“…EtSCT was prepared as previously described [ 2 ]. Briefly, ethanol extracts were purified from 100 g of SCT powder for 3 h at 80℃ using circulating extraction equipment (IKA Labortechnik, Staufen, Germany) following adding 1,000 mL of 100% ethanol.…”

“…Styela clava (SC) is a solitary tunicate that has been widely applied for sea food, food additives and food base in Korea [ 1 ]. SCT has being investigated in only two major materials including natural polymers and bioactive compounds with to treat inflammation, oxidative stress and surgical wounds [ 2 3 ].…”

“…Moreover, carotenoids detected in high levels in SCT showed strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, reducing power and inhibitory effects against linoleic acid peroxidation [ 10 ]. A high level of tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity were also induced by nine extracts collected from SCT using different solvents because they have high total phenolic and flavonoid contents [ 2 ]. However, the toxicity of SCT toward liver and kidney organs of ICR mice has not been investigated to date, despite the increased attention and publications regarding the therapeutic effects of EtSCT as a natural polymer and bioactive compound.…”

Ethanol extracts collected from the <i>Styela clava</i> tunic alleviate hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) through inhibition of hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis

“…Many natural products have recently received attention as hepatoprotective sources with antioxidant activity because they can successfully overcome some limitations, including the large-scale procurement of sufficient source materials for bulk production, the potency and inherent toxicity of many natural products, and the development of suitable vehicles and dosing schedules for the administration of new drugs to clinical patients 7 . Among these products, we focused on the protective effects of the Styela clava tunic (SCT) as part of studies evaluating the possibility of use of novel bioactive materials and providing solutions for the problems associated with SCT waste 8 , 9 . To date, the SCT has been extensively applied to purification of natural polymers and bioactive compounds for the treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress, and surgical wounds.…”