Screening of halogenated aromatic compounds in some raw material lots for an aluminium recycling plant

Sinkkonen, Seija; Paasiv́irta, Jaakko; Lahtiperä, Mirja; Vattulainen, A.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2003.08.005

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies conducted to investigate PCN emissions and characteristics at different smelting stages could; therefore, facilitate understanding of the formation mechanisms of PCNs. PCNs can bind to particles and also partition into the gas phase because of their semi-volatility [9,14,15]. However, the field data from most previous investigations focusing on gaseous emissions are unavailable for assessing the integrated emission of PCNs in all discharges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case study of polychlorinated naphthalene emissions and factors influencing emission variations in secondary aluminum production

Jiang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

h i g h l i g h t s• Variations in PCN emissions from different smelting stages were observed.• Factors influencing PCN emission levels and profiles were identified.• Addition of chloride additives possibly promote PCN formations.• Emission factors for gaseous and various solid discharges were derived.• This study is helpful for developing better control strategies for PCN reduction. Keywords: Secondary aluminum production Smelting stages Polychlorinated naphthalene Solid residues Chloride additives a b s t r a c t Secondary aluminum production has been recognized as an important source of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Large variations in PCN emissions as the smelting process proceeds have not been determined. In this study, solid and gaseous discharges, including fly ash, slag, and stack gas samples collected from four secondary smelting plants during different smelting stages were analyzed for PCNs. The average emission factor of 1−8 PCNs to air was calculated to be 17.4 mg t −1 , with a range of 4.3-29.5 mg t −1 . The average emission factors of 1-8 PCNs from fly ash and slag were 55.5 ng t −1 and 0.13 ng t −1 , respectively. The derived emission factors may enable a more accurate estimation of annual emissions and a more comprehensive knowledge of the distribution of PCNs emitted from secondary aluminum production. The emission levels and characteristics of PCNs during different smelting stages were compared. Possible factors, including the organic impurities from aluminum scrap, fuel, and chloride additives, which could contribute to variations in PCN emissions and characteristics were discussed. These results may provide useful information for developing better control strategies for reducing PCN emissions in secondary aluminum production.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case study of polychlorinated naphthalene emissions and factors influencing emission variations in secondary aluminum production

Jiang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The oxidized iron scraps contained much lower PBDE contents than the scrap raw materials for an aluminum recycling plant, which had 245-67450 ng/g (Sinkkonen et al, 2004). The PBDE contents in the EAF fly ashes (29.3 ng/g) obtained in this study are lower than that (50.1 ng/g) reported in Lin et al (2012), but were still one to three orders higher than those in reference soils, which were ranged from 0.038-3.8 ng/g (BDE-209 included) (Sellström et al, 2005;Harrad Leung et al, 2007).…”

Section: Pbde Characterization Of the Feeding Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Fly Ash Treatment Plant

Liao

Kennedy

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PBDES are used as the flame retardants and have adverse effects on human health. Electric arc furnaces (EAF) are one of major emission source of PBDEs. The PBDE contents in the fly ashes of an EAF (29.3 ng/g) examined in this study were one to three orders higher than those in environmental soils. EAF fly ash treatment plants are established to resolve the disposal of this material, and also to recover the remaining iron or zinc from it. However, very little is known about the fate of PBDEs in EAF fly ash treatment plants. The EAF fly ash treatment plant investigated in this work can be divided into three sub-systems, including a pelletizer, reducing furnace and submerged arc furnace (SAF). The fly ash generated from the pelletizer process exhibited the highest PBDE content (7.69 ng/g), and contributed about 91% of the total PBDE inputs (4.40 g/day). The total PBDE concentrations in the stack flue gases of the pelletizer, reducing furnace and SAF were 24.5, 2.88 and 4.71 ng/Nm 3 , respectively. The high PBDE concentrations of the pelletizer resulted from not only the thermal desorption of lighter brominated congeners, but also fugitive particles of EAF fly ashes. Together, the three stacks accounted for 40.8% of the total PBDE outputs, revealing that the air pollution control devices deployed in the current study were not very effective with regard to removing PBDEs from the flue gas. The PBDE output/input ratio of the EAF fly ash treatment plant was 0.0378, and thus most PBDEs introduced into the system were decomposed. The EAF fly ash treatment plant examined in this work is thus a reliable facility with regard to the disposal of this material.

show abstract

“…A pilot-scale experiment found that PBCDD/F and PCDD/F levels increased significantly during flue gas cooling processes, which are typically part of controlled industrial thermal processes (16). There is a considerable amount of bromine in ash and flue gas from large-scale industrial thermal processes, including metallurgical processes (18)(19)(20) and incineration processes that include sufficient BFR containing materials (12,13,21). Consequently, these processes have been verified as possible sources of PBDD/F (22) and PCDD/F (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Polybrominated/chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Stack Gas Emissions from Industrial Thermal Processes

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Very little is known about mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/F) in industrial thermal processes. In this study, the occurrences and characteristics of PBCDD/F from various incineration and metallurgical processes were investigated. In addition, PBCDD/F analytical protocols based on HRGC/HRMS were developed and optimized. The sum of isomer group concentrations ranged from 1.7-3740 pmol Nm -3 for PBCDF and 0.2-582 pmol Nm -3 for PBCDD. For some metallurgical industries, the amounts of PBDD/F and PBCDD/F emitted were similar to or even higher than the amounts of PCDD/F. The sources of bromine and brominated-precursors in these processes should be evaluated. The PBCDD/F characteristics investigated included isomer group patterns, ratio of bromine and chlorine incorporated in PBCDD/F, and ratio of halogenated furans to dioxins. Lower brominated PBCDD/F were binomially distributed. But in some cases, the concentrations of higher brominated PBCDD/F were much higher than predicted from the binomial distribution. The formation mechanisms of PBDD/F, PBCDD/ F, and PCDD/F in these processes were also evaluated.

show abstract

Screening of halogenated aromatic compounds in some raw material lots for an aluminium recycling plant

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Case study of polychlorinated naphthalene emissions and factors influencing emission variations in secondary aluminum production

Case study of polychlorinated naphthalene emissions and factors influencing emission variations in secondary aluminum production

Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Fly Ash Treatment Plant

Mixed Polybrominated/chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Stack Gas Emissions from Industrial Thermal Processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About