Screening of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Among Childbearing Age Females and Assessment of Nurses’ Role in Prevention and Control of Toxoplasmosis

Congenital toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan infection caused by the intracellular coccidian (phylum Apicomplexa) Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which has a worldwide distribution. All warmis affected. The organism is transmitted transplacentally; following initial maternal infection, vertical transmission occurs from an infected pregnant mother to her fetus, mostly in the third trimester of pregnancy. The severity of fetal infection is determined by the pregnancy stage and whether the infected mother had received an efficient treatment in the early gestational period or not.A better prognosis is expected for children whose mothers were treated with anti-Toxoplasma medications. Some factors favor infection transmission and progress of congenital toxoplasmosis as the parasite genotype, the immune status of the mother and the fetal or neonatal ability to develop an immune response against Toxoplasma. Possible outcomes of fetal infection include abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly or intrauterine fetal death. Nervous system complications like intracranial calcifications or hydrocephalus as well as retinochoroiditis are all possible consequences. Commonly, there are no specific symptoms at birth and complications may appear at an older age. Congenital toxoplasmosis is treated by spiramycin in pregnant women, while, drugs were used during late gestation to benefit infected fetus and are also used to treat the newborn after birth.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: An Overview on Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment With Reference to Egypt

IMAM

Ismail

BOCKTOR

2022

“…It was estimated that one-third of the worlis infected by Toxoplasma gondii (Duffy et al, 2019). Infection is asymptomatic in the majority of immunocompetent patients (Saleh et al, 2014), but immunocompromised patients can experience severe neurologic, ocular, pulmonary and disseminated diseases (Morsy et al, 2002). Cats are the definitive hosts pass millions of oocysts (sporozoites) in their feces (Al-Kappany et al, 2010), which spread in the environment contaminating the soil, water, fruits and vegetables in turn infect man, animals and birds (Dubey, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Assessment of Rosuvastatin Efficacy on Experimental Murine With Avirulent Toxoplasmosis

Omar

ALI

ELFKHANY

et al. 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a contagious illness that is brought on by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The strain of Toxoplasma gondii may have an effect on how severe the symptoms of toxoplasmosis are. Immunocompromised people are more likely to develop neurological, ocular, and systemic diseases as a result of toxoplasmosis. Rosuvastatin ® is one of the promising drugs in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. This study determined the rosuvastatin efficacy in treating murine toxoplasmosis. This is being done in an effort to make up for the deficiencies that are present in other standard medications. Mice were divided into 7 groups of 10 mice each. GI: Neither infected nor treated (normal control). GII: Infected, non-treated mice (positive control). GIII: Mice given Spiramycin ® as prophylaxis before infection. GIV: Mice given rosuvastatin as prophylaxis before infection. GV: Mice infected and treated by spiramycin after 6 th week for 2 weeks. GVI: Mice infected and treated by rosuvastatin after 6 th week for 2 weeks. GVII: Following the sixth week, infection was confirmed, and treatment consisted of a combination of rosuvastatin and spiramycin for two weeks. Histological examination of brain and liver, and counting brain cysts, were used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment.The results showed that rosuvastatin treated group showed significant reduction in brain cysts and improved histopathological picture in brain and liver tissue. Combination of rosuvastatin and spiramycin gave the best results in reduction of brain cysts number and the least pathological changes in brain and liver tissue. The effect of rosuvastatin was augmented after combination with spiramycin.

“…Cats serve as the definitive host (Al-Kappany et al, 2010). In Egypt toxoplasmosis and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were reported mainly among the childbearing age females (Saleh et al, 2014) and immunocompromised patients (Taman and Alhusseiny, 2020). Human toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic but, postnatal infection caused fatal encephalitis in immunodeficient patients such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients (El-Sayed and Morsy, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Efficacy on Chronic Toxoplasmosis Infected Mice

RASHED

Eraky

ALI

et al. 2022

Toxoplasmosis is one of the commonest health problems especially in immunocompromised patients. The study evaluated the effect of ciprofloxacin loaded on silver nanoparticles in treating mice experimentally infected toxoplasmosis treatment of. This study was conducted on mice infected with (ME 49 Toxoplasma gondii strain). Sixty mice were divided into: GI: 5 non infected non-treated mice (normal control). GII: 10 infected non-treated mice (infected control). GIII: 10 infected mice treated with Spiramycin 100mg/kg (drug controls). GIV: 10 infected mice treated with ciprofloxacin 100mg/kg. GV: 10 infected mice treated with ciprofloxacin loaded silver nano-particles (100mg/kg ciprofloxacin+2.5µg/kg silver nano). GVI: 10 infected mice treated with silver nanoparticles (2.5µg/kg). GVII: 5 non-infected mice treated with silver nanoparticles (2.5µg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks (experimental end) and brain and liver from each group were processed for histopathological studies of the cysts numbers, and sizes.