Screening Progenies of Mexican Race Avocado Genotypes for Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

Sánchez‐González, Enrique Ignacio; Gutiérrez-Soto, Juanita Guadalupe; Olivares‐Sáenz, Emilio; Gutiérrez-Díez, Adriana; Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.; Ochoa-Ascencio, Salvador

doi:10.21273/hortsci13552-18

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The root colonization percentages were lower for the cultivar Criollo; besides, the Kruskal Wallis test allowed to confirm differences in the response of the two cultivars evaluated, thus inferring that cultivar Criollo (Mexican race) has a greater tolerance to the pathogen. In fact, this type of cultivar has been shown to be tolerant to soil pathogens (Sánchez-González et al, 2019). In addition, according to Rincón-Hernández et al (2011), the cultivar Criollo is often used as rootstocks because it has genes for resistance to the attack of pathogens that affect the root system.…”

Section: Colonization Of the Transformed Fungus In Avocado Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of Fusarium oxysporum transformed with the red fluorescence protein gene (tdTomato) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in roots of two avocado cultivars

Hurtado

Viera

Lema

et al. 2021

RSD

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Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit crop of economic importance in Ecuador. Currently, a low incidence of Phytophthora cinnamomi has been reported, however, there are other soil pathogens that can affect this crop, even at the initial stages of plant multiplication (nursery), for this reason the use of rootstocks that tolerate these biotic adversities is recommended. In this research, the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from roots of nursery seedlings with symptoms of necrosis. In addition, an isolate of this pathogenic fungus modified with a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to determine the infection of F. oxysporum in the roots of the Fuerte (commercial) and Criollo (local) cultivars. The results allowed to infer that the cultivar Criollo presented a greater tolerance to F. oxysporum than the cultivar Fuerte, which corroborates its use as a rootstock for commercial avocado varieties. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum affecting avocado nursery seedlings in Ecuador.

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Section: Colonization Of the Transformed Fungus In Avocado Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of Fusarium oxysporum transformed with the red fluorescence protein gene (tdTomato) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in roots of two avocado cultivars

Hurtado

Viera

Lema

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…race (Bergh and Ellstrand, 1986). Previous research about the effect of the selected avocado rootstocks over crop performance has shown that trees of the same variety grafted to Mexican or Guatemalan race rootstocks differ in their susceptibility to Phytophtora cinnamomi (Smith et al, 2011;Reeksting et al, 2016;Sánchez-González et al, 2019), in their mineral nutrient uptake (Bard and Wolstenholme, 1997;Calderón-Vázquez et al, 2013), and in their response to salinity (Mickelbart and Arpaia, 2002;Raga et al, 2014). For instance, Bernstein et al (2001) demonstrated that even in selected rootstocks chosen by exhibiting excellent fruit production under elevated NaCl-condition, there is a wide range of growth sensitivities that results in growth inhibition or growth stimulation under salt-levels typically found at commercial fields.…”

Section: N R E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cinnamomi (Smith et al, 2011;Reeksting et al, 2016;Sánchez-González et al, 2019), mineral nutrient uptake (Bard and Wolstenholme, 1997;Calderón-Vázquez et al, 2013), and response to salinity (Bernstein et al, 2001;Mickelbart and Arpaia, 2002;Raga et al, 2014). However, harvest/quality traits have not been explicitly considered in previous studies that aimed assessing rootstock effects on 'Hass' avocado.…”

Section: N R E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) cv. Hass

Reyes-Herrera

Muñoz-Baena

Velásquez-Zapata

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. Yet, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (i.e. rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding. Therefore, our goal was to quantify the inheritance of seedling rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as model fruit tree. We characterized 240 rootstocks from 8 avocado cv. Hass orchards in three regions of the province of Antioquia, in the northwest Andes of Colombia, using 13 microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats – SSRs). Parallel to this, we recorded 20 phenotypic traits (including morphological, eco-physiological, and fruit yield and quality traits) in the scions for three years (2015–2017). Relatedness among rootstocks was inferred through the genetic markers and inputted in a ‘genetic prediction’ model in order to calculate narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) on scion traits. We used three different randomization tests to highlight traits with consistently significant heritability estimates. This strategy allowed us to capture five traits with significant heritability values that ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 and model fits (R2) that oscillated between 0.58 and 0.74 across orchards. The results showed significance in the rootstock effects for four complex harvest and quality traits (i.e. total number of fruits, number of fruits with exportation quality, and number of fruits discarded because of low weight or thrips damage), while the only morphological trait that had a significant heritability value was overall trunk height (an emergent property of the rootstock-scion interaction). These findings suggest the inheritance of rootstock effects, beyond root phenotype, on a surprisingly wide spectrum of scion traits in ‘Hass’ avocado. They also reinforce the utility of SSR markers for relatedness reconstruction and genetic prediction of complex traits. This research is, up to date, the most cohesive evidence of narrow-sense inheritance of rootstock effects in a tropical fruit tree crop. Ultimately, our work reinforces the importance of considering the rootstock-scion interaction to broaden the genetic basis of fruit tree breeding programs, while enhancing our understanding of the consequences of grafting.

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“…This disease is also known in Mexico as avocado sadness in which the root and feeder roots shown typical root rot symptoms [ 1 , 6 ]. In Mexico, avocado root rot has been reported in the states of Queretaro, Guanajuato, Michoacan, and Puebla, with a mortality that reaches up to 100% attributed to P. cinnamomi infection [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Trichoderma Species Isolated from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum Roots Reduce Symptoms Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Avocado

Andrade-Hoyos

Silva-Rojas

Romero‐Arenas

2020

Plants

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Avocado root rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi is a severe disease that affects avocado production in Mexico and worldwide. The use of biological control agents such as Trichoderma species isolated from places where the disease is always present, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the biocontrol ability of 10 endophytic Trichoderma spp. strains against P. cinnamomi tested both in vitro and in the greenhouse. The endophytic Trichoderma spp. were recovered from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum roots, isolated and purified on potato–dextrose–agar medium. Ten strains were identified by phylogenetic reconstruction of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA sequences as T. asperellum (T-AS1, T-AS2, T-AS6, and T-AS7), T. harzianum (T-H3, T-H4, and T-H5), T. hamatum (T-A12), T. koningiopsis (T-K8 and T-K11), and P. cinnamomi (CPO-PCU). In vitro dual-culture assay, the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) between Trichoderma spp. and P. cinnamomi strains was measured according to the Bell’s scale. PIRG results indicated that T-AS2 reached the highest value of 78.32%, and T-H5 reached the lowest value of 38.66%. In the greenhouse, the infection was evaluated according to the percentage of disease incidence. Plants with the lowest incidence of dead by avocado root rot were those whose seedlings were inoculated with T-AS2 and T-AS7, resulting in only 5% death by root rot caused by P. cinnamomi. The disease incidence of seedlings with wilt symptoms and death decreased more than 50% in the presence of Trichoderma spp. Relying on the results, we conclude that T. asperellum and T. harzianum contribute to the biocontrol of soil-borne pathogenic oomycete P. cinnamomi.

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Screening Progenies of Mexican Race Avocado Genotypes for Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Colonization of Fusarium oxysporum transformed with the red fluorescence protein gene (tdTomato) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in roots of two avocado cultivars

Colonization of Fusarium oxysporum transformed with the red fluorescence protein gene (tdTomato) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in roots of two avocado cultivars

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) cv. Hass

Endophytic Trichoderma Species Isolated from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum Roots Reduce Symptoms Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Avocado

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