Screening Resistance of Several Accessions Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Against Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)

Abstract

One of the causes of the decrease in eggplant production is the attacked of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). The one of steps to developing eggplant plants resistant to nematode attack is by screening various eggplant accessions which aims to assess the level of resistance between eggplant vegetable germplasm against nematodes. This research was conducted by testing the effect of root exudates from eggplant accessions on the inhibition of nematode egg hatching and testing the response of 30 eggplant accessions against Meloidogyne incognita attack. Evaluation of plant resistances based on the number of eggs hatch, egg inhibition, gall index and nematode reproductive factors. The results showed that the highest egg hatching were found in SL-TE 28 OP by 23.33%, while the lowest was in accession of SL-TE 230 OP by 8.33%. The highest hatching inhibition value was found in the accession of SL-TE 830 OP by 80%, while the lowest inhibition value was found in the accession of SL-TE 23 by 48.33%. This shows that root exudates in accession plants have certain factors that trigger inhibition egg hatching. The highest number of galls/roots in SL-TE 231 accession was 51.67 while the lowest number of galls/roots was in SL-TE 85 OP accession of 16.33. The highest reproductive factor value was indicated by the accession of SL-TE 231 OP of 1.60% and the lowest value was indicated by the accession of SL-TE 81 OP of 0.5%. The results of the calculation of reproductive factors, plant resistance from 30 accessions tested obtained 1 accession of resistant plants, 17 accessions of plants that were quite resistant, and 12 accessions of plants that were quite susceptible.