Screening survey of co-production of fusaric acid, fusarin C, and fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 by Fusarium strains grown in maize grains

Abstract

Fusarium species isolated from Belgian maize were screened for their ability to produce fusarin C, fusaric acid, fumonisins B1 (FB1), FB2 and FB3 in maize grains. First, cultivation of Fusarium species in Myro liquid medium allowed overcoming the shortage of the standard of fusarin C on the market. All Fusarium verticillioides produced much higher contents of mycotoxins in Myro compared to Fusarium graminearum or Fusarium venenatum. The optimization of the LC-MS/MS method resulted in low limits of detection and quantification for fusarin C, fusaric acid, FB1, FB2 and FB3 determination in maize grains. Its application for screening the potential toxin production ability evidenced that the concentrations of the analytes were significantly increased at various levels when F. verticillioides strains were cultivated in maize grains and reached 441 mg kg(-1) for fusaric acid, 74 mg kg(-1) for fusarin C, 1,301 mg kg(-1) for FB1, 367 mg kg(-1) for FB2 and 753 mg kg(-1) for FB3.

The Medical Relevance of Fusarium spp.

“…It looks like meat, it tastes like meat, but it does not contain animal lipids such as cholesterol. Obviously, the mycotoxin production of the special Fusarium strain used is rather low and plays no practical role [31][32][33]. Furthermore, allergic reactions are quite rare [34].…”

“…Whereas these Fusarium spp. are not qualified to produce the most dangerous fusarial mycotoxins, some others, however, can be generally produced such as culmorin [31], with phytotoxic properties, weak cytotoxicity, and weak teratogenicity [12] and fusarin C [32], endowed with estrogenic agonist activity and carcinogenicity [12]. In addition, this Fusarium sp.…”

“…In addition, this Fusarium sp. is able to produce trichothecenes [12], such as diacetoxyscirpenol (cytotoxic, endocrine disruption, immune modulation, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and genotoxicity) [31,32] and even four other trichothecenes [29]. This particular strain used for industrial fabrication produces less mycotoxin than other strains of F. venetatum.…”

Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Typing of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Fungi from Russian Collections

“…To determine the type of TrMTs produced by the studied strains, fungal cultures were grown on a MYRO liquid medium [ 51 ] at 25 °C and 220 rpm for 5 days. The ability of isolates to produce DON and its monoacetylated derivatives was determined by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography of the culture filtrate supernatant separated from the mycelium by centrifugation [ 52 , 53 ]. An 8 mL aliquot of the culture liquid supernatant was diluted with a acetonitrile : water (1 : 1) mixture to 10 mL and passed through a 0.22 μm Millipore membrane filter; 10 μL of the sample was introduced into the injector of a Waters 1525 Breeze HPLC system equipped with a Waters 2487 UV detector (Waters, USA).…”

Systemic Infection of Maize, Sorghum, Rice, and Beet Seedlings with Fumonisin-Producing and Nonproducing Fusarium verticillioides Strains

“…In southern European countries such as Italy, F. verticillioides and another source of FB1, F. proliferatum ( Bottalico et al, 1995 ; Logrieco et al, 1995 ), are the fungi most frequently isolated from infected maize. Fumonisin levels in maize grain inoculated with F. verticillioides can reach several grams per kilogram ( Han et al, 2014 ). High levels of FB1 in maize have been reported in Italy (reviewed in Logrieco et al, 2002 ).…”