Screw-pressed fractions from green forages as animal feed: Chemical composition and mass balances

Damborg, Vinni Kragbæk; Jensen, Søren Krogh; Weisbjerg, M.R.; Adamsen, Anders Peter S.; Stødkilde, Lene

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114401

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Average annual CP yields within the protein precipitate ranged between 0.4-0.7 t DM ha −1 year −1 for RCG, and 0.4-0.5 t DM ha −1 year −1 for TF. This is similar to the 0.7 t ha −1 , reported by Jørgensen et al (2020) for green triticale, an annual cereal, grown on productive arable land, and to perennial ryegrass, with a reported CP content of 245 g CP kg −1 DM (Damborg et al, 2020). Considering that the floodtolerant perennial grasses in this study were cultivated on a riparian fen peatland, a soil-type being widely considered as an unproductive marginal land area (Wichtmann and Wichmann, 2011b), our results indicated a high efficiency from an ecosystem-perspective.…”

Section: Screw-pressed Biomass Fractionssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Until now, there has been research on the content of potential extractable protein fractions in grasses and legumes (e.g., Elizalde et al, 1999;Solati et al, 2017), mainly in order to determine forage quality, following the CNCPS. Further, efforts regarding protein extraction optimisation are at the heart of green biorefinery strategies (Santamaria-Fernandez et al, 2019;Pihlajaniemi et al, 2020) and increasing attention has been paid on the protein extractability and quality using the rather simple method of mechanical screw-press extraction followed by chemical protein precipitation (Stødkilde et al, 2018;Damborg et al, 2020). However, to the authors knowledge, no correlation between the theoretical extractable protein yields as indicated by means of the soluble CNCPS fractions B 1 + B 2 , respectively acid extractable fractions B 1 + B 2 + B 3 , and the actual protein yields by precipitation in biorefineries, has yet been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Harvest and Fertilization Frequency on Protein Yield and Extractability From Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Cultivated on a fen Peatland

Nielsen

Stødkilde

Jørgensen

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Paludiculture, and in particular the cultivation of perennial grasses as biomass feedstock for green biorefineries, may be an economic and environmentally sustainable option for agricultural peatlands in temperate regions. However, the optimal biomass quality for protein extraction from flood-tolerant grasses is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to define the combined effect of harvest and fertilization frequency, with one to five annual cuts, on protein yield and extractability for the grasses tall fescue (TF) and reed canary grass (RCG), cultivated on an agricultural fen peatland in Denmark.The content of protein fractions was determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). We assessed protein extractability by lab-scale biorefinery techniques using a screw-press followed by acid precipitation of true protein. The two methods were compared to correlate potential extractable protein yields with actual biorefinery outputs. We found the highest annual biomass and crude protein (CP) yields in the two cut treatments, with 13.4 and 15.6 t dry matter (DM) ha−1 year−1, containing 2.9–3.4 t CP ha−1 year−1 for TF and RCG, respectively. The highest neutral-extractable (fractions B1 and B2) true protein yields of 1.1 and 1.5 t ha−1 year−1 were found in the two cut treatments, representing 39% (TF) - 45% (RCG) of total CP. Using biorefining techniques, we were able to precipitate up to 2.2 t DM ha−1 year−1 of protein concentrate, containing up to 39% CP. Significant correlations between methods were found, with a distinct relationship between CNCPS fractions B1 + B2 and CP yield of the protein concentrate, indicating the suitability of the CNCPS as an indicator for extractable protein yields. Biomass and CP yields were not significantly improved beyond two annual cuts. However, timing and harvest frequencies significantly affected plant maturity and consequently extractable CP contents and protein concentrate yields. We conclude that TF and RCG are promising feedstocks for green biorefineries due to high biomass, extractable CP, and protein concentrate yields, and highlight the potential of flood-tolerant grasses, cultivated on wet agricultural peatlands, for an enhanced valorisation beyond the common utilisation for bioenergy.

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Section: Screw-pressed Biomass Fractionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Harvest and Fertilization Frequency on Protein Yield and Extractability From Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Cultivated on a fen Peatland

Nielsen

Stødkilde

Jørgensen

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…One alternative is acid precipitation where the juice is acidified to pH 3.5−4.5 to allow isoelectric precipitation of the protein. Damborg, Jensen et al (2020) 52 investigated the effect of pH between pH 3.0 and pH 5.0 and determined that the protein precipitation yield from white clover, alfalfa, and perennial ryegrass was unaffected by the pH used, whereas there was a slight effect of pH on the protein yield from red clover. Acid precipitation is more gentle than heat precipitation and may lead to protein with higher quality, but it will also produce a softer pellet which is harder to separate from the juice in large scale.…”

Section: Precipitation/concentration Of Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When fractionating the leaf protein in green and white protein, the water-soluble RuBisCo is expected to be concentrated in the white fraction. However, although the amino acid composition of the green and white protein fractions has been shown to differ slightly 52,100,104 and to vary slightly with the preparation method, 71,100 the amino acid pattern is similar with methionine being the first limiting amino acid.…”

Section: Fractional Precipitation (Green Vs White Protein) and Chloro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefinery of Green Biomass─How to Extract and Evaluate High Quality Leaf Protein for Food?

Møller

Hammershøj

Passos

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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There is a growing need for protein for both feed and food in order to meet future demands. It is imperative to explore and utilize novel protein sources such as protein from leafy plant material, which contains high amounts of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo). Leafy crops such as grasses and legumes can in humid climate produce high protein yields in a sustainable way when compared with many traditional seed protein crops. Despite this, very little RuBisCo is utilized for foods because proteins in the leaf material has a low accessibility to monogastrics. In order to utilize the leaf protein for food purposes, the protein needs to be extracted from the fiber rich leaf matrix. This conversion of green biomass to valuable products has been labeled green biorefinery. The green biorefinery may be tailored to produce different products, but in this Review, the focus is on production of food-grade protein. The existing knowledge on the extraction, purification, and concentration of protein from green biomass is reviewed. Additionally, the quality and potential application of the leaf protein in food products and side streams from the green biorefinery will be discussed along with possible uses of side streams from the protein production.

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“…Sustainability and environmental concerns in relation to food supply are increasing concurrent with a rising demand for proteins for human and animal consumption, thereby engendering the search for new protein sources with low environmental impact. [1][2][3] Import of soya bean (Glycine max L.) products currently represents the major feed protein source in Europe. 4 As compared to annuals, perennial crops such as grasses and forage legumes have beneficial properties in terms of high biomass per hectare yields, decreased nitrate leaching and pesticide use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual protein yield and extractable protein potentials in three legumes and two grasses

Thers

Eriksen

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND New protein sources with low environmental and climatic impact are needed. Perennial crops show advantages as compared to annual crops and the upcoming biorefinery technology can extract proteins from the perennial biomass for protein concentrate production. The search for best‐suited biomass crops needs to include harvest during the full growing season to support economic viability of biorefinery plants. Here we examined two grasses under increasing N fertilizer regime (175, 350 and 525 kg N ha−1) and three legumes, subject to a four‐cut strategy. The well‐defined Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) was used to estimate potential extractable protein. A key, previously presented in the literature, was applied in order to translate the CNCPS results into potential extracted protein concentrate. RESULTS Crude protein (CP) yield per hectare was highest in red clover in 2015 (2907 kg CP ha−1) and the fertilized (525 kg N ha−1) tall fescue in 2016 (2435 kg CP ha−1). When translating the numbers into potential extraction of protein concentrate, the red clover had the highest protein concentrate yield per hectare in 2015 (835 kg CP ha−1) and lucerne in 2016 (803 kg CP ha−1). CONCLUSION The results revealed that the entire season needs attention for optimization and not only the first cut, since both CP yields and quality peaks in different cuts across the five species and 2 years. Further knowledge of CP yield responses to field management and species mixtures are needed in order to advise farmers on the optimal crop for biorefining. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Screw-pressed fractions from green forages as animal feed: Chemical composition and mass balances

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Harvest and Fertilization Frequency on Protein Yield and Extractability From Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Cultivated on a fen Peatland

Effects of Harvest and Fertilization Frequency on Protein Yield and Extractability From Flood-Tolerant Perennial Grasses Cultivated on a fen Peatland

Biorefinery of Green Biomass─How to Extract and Evaluate High Quality Leaf Protein for Food?

Annual protein yield and extractable protein potentials in three legumes and two grasses

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