Sea backscatter at HF: Interpretation and utilization of the echo

Barrick, Donald E.; Headrick, J. M.; Bogle, R.; Crombie, D. D.

doi:10.1109/proc.1974.9507

Cited by 166 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Both theory and observation show that these secondorder peaks will vary in magnitude and proximity to the Bragg peak as a function of the surface wave field (or, more simply, as a function of the significant waveheight H s' defined as the average height of the highest one-third of all waves). Two particular second-order peaks will frequently be evident, located at frequencies 2t and 2i-times the shift of the Bragg peak and with amplitudes dependent on H s • Using theoretical computations of Doppler spectra based on a Phillips (1966) model for the sea surface, Barrick (1972b) and Barrick et al (1974) were able to identify a parameter fJ ~ lOwoHs/c, which may be used in relating the amplitude ofthe second-order sidebands to the significant waveheight for a fixed radar frequency Wo. They have supported their theory with observations made using a surface-wave propagation mode, in which some 30 min of data were averaged to obtain each Doppler spectrum.…”

Section: Theory and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Long-range Ocean Radar for Ocean Surface Studies using Backscatter Via the Ionosphere

Ward¹,

Dexter²

1976

Aust. J. Phys.

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An HF Doppler radar, designed for use at long range via an ionospheric propagation mode, has been developed primarily for the determination of wave states over large ocean areas. The operating frequency is 21 �840. MHz, and the array is physically rotatable through a full 3600 of azimuth, thus allowing for great flexibility in the choice of target area. The experimental technique utilizes a well-known resonance interaction mechanism for electromagnetic waves backscattered from a moving sea wave surface to derive sea state parameters in the scattering region for input to oceanographic and meteorological synoptic data networks. An ultimate angular resolution of less than 10 of azimuth, coupled with high operational flexibility, suggest possible utilization of the aerial array for tracking and interrogating free-floating ocean buoys, tracking radio noise associated with tropical cyclones and investigating aspects of ionospheric dynamics.

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Section: Theory and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be done in two ways: (1) by using only surface-wave backscatter with HF radars (e.g. Crombie 1971; Barrick et al 1974); (2) by exploiting the analogy which exists between the scattering from a water surface of sound waves in air and of electromagnetic waves (Dexter 1972).…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Long-range Ocean Radar for Ocean Surface Studies using Backscatter Via the Ionosphere

Ward¹,

Dexter²

1976

Aust. J. Phys.

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“…HFSWR systems can provide low-cost, 24-hour, all-weather, real-time, over-the-horizon surveillance of large ocean areas in excess of 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) [1][2][3][4]. They can also provide real-time and all-weather measure for the oceanographical parameters including the surface currents, wave spectrum, wind direction, and intensity [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO High Frequency Surface Wave Radar Using Sparse Frequency FMCW Signals

Pan

Chen

2017

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The heavily congested radio frequency environment severely limits the signal bandwidth of the high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). Based on the concept of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, we propose a MIMO sparse frequency HFSWR system to synthesize an equivalent large bandwidth waveform in the congested HF band. The utilized spectrum of the proposed system is discontinuous and irregularly distributed between different transmitting sensors. We investigate the sparse frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal and the corresponding deramping based receiver and signal processor specially. A general processing framework is presented for the proposed system. The crucial step is the range-azimuth processing and the sparsity of the carrier frequency causes the two-dimensional periodogram to fail when applied here. Therefore, we introduce the iterative adaptive approach (IAA) in the range-azimuth imaging. Based on the initial 1D IAA algorithm, we propose a modified 2D IAA which particularly fits the deramping processing based range-azimuth model. The proposed processing framework for MIMO sparse frequency FMCW HFSWR with the modified 2D IAA applied is shown to have a high resolution and be able to provide an accurate and clear range-azimuth image which benefits the following detection process.

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“…The measurement of near-surface ocean currents using electromagnetic backscatter measured from a high-frequency radar was first demonstrated over 20 years ago [Stewart and Joy, 1974;Barrick et al, 1974]. (Generally, the term high-frequency, or HF, refers to systems with carrier frequencies between 3 and 30 MHz.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Atmospheric Forcing During the High Resolution Main Experiment

Edson¹

1999

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Sea backscatter at HF: Interpretation and utilization of the echo

Cited by 166 publications

References 8 publications

A Long-range Ocean Radar for Ocean Surface Studies using Backscatter Via the Ionosphere

A Long-range Ocean Radar for Ocean Surface Studies using Backscatter Via the Ionosphere

MIMO High Frequency Surface Wave Radar Using Sparse Frequency FMCW Signals

Investigations of Atmospheric Forcing During the High Resolution Main Experiment

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