Sea Buckthorn Diseases Caused by Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a native species in various regions of Asia and Europe. It is cultivated as a multipurpose horticultural species in northern temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America with large economic potential used for food, pharmacology, cosmetics, and environmental conservation. Diseases in natural populations and managed landscapes have increased, endangering sea buckthorn growth and cultivation worldwide. This review article focuses on sea buckthorn canker, wilt and decline diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, their distribution, hosts of involved pathogenic fungi and symptoms. Published information on sea buckthorn fungal diseases is available only about a few diseases, such as wilt (Verticillium dahliae), the dried-shrink disease caused by various fungi and abiotic factors, and stem canker (Hymenopleella hippophaeicola, Cytospora spp., Stigmina sp.). Some fungi reported on sea buckthorn are poorly studied, or the sea buckthorn is a newly discovered host, as in the case of Eutypa spp. The most often reported symptoms of these diseases are cankers and cracks on trunks and main branches, dead buds and leaves, necrosis of various tissues on branches, and root necrosis, resulting in the death of the shrubs. In general, the fungal diseases on sea buckthorn are not sufficiently addressed, and more research is needed.

The Systematics, Reproductive Biology, Biochemistry, and Breeding of Sea Buckthorn—A Review

“…Fungal diseases have become increasingly problematic in sea buckthorn, causing serious damage in both wild stands and commercial orchards all over the world [94]. Unfortunately, there is a lack of in-depth pathological studies with bioassays to quantify the symptoms caused by unambiguously identified fungi.…”

Identification and Full Genome Analysis of the First Putative Virus of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

“…To date, limited research related to disease and pest control has been reported in SBT due to the comparatively short time of domestication and cultivation in large orchards [ 10 , 11 ]. Diseases and pests, which can alter the morphology and developmental in almost all stages of SBT, directly affect the cultivation of SBT.…”

“…Diseases and pests, which can alter the morphology and developmental in almost all stages of SBT, directly affect the cultivation of SBT. To date, several pests and diseases of SBT have been reported, and more are likely to be identified with the increase in the number of SBT plantations [ 11 , 12 ]. The major fungal diseases reported in SBT include verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, stem canker, damping off, brown rot, scab, and dried-shrink disease.…”

“…The major fungal diseases reported in SBT include verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, stem canker, damping off, brown rot, scab, and dried-shrink disease. The common pathogenic fungi reported in SBT include species of the genera Fusarium , Verticillium , Diaporthe , Hymenopleella , Alternaria , Pythium , Monilia , Valsa , and Stigmina [ 11 , 13 ]. Forty-seven fungal species affecting SBT have been reported in Russia, with Fusarium sporotrichiella reported to cause the maximum damage [ 14 ].…”

“…Although many fungal species have been reported as pathogens of SBT, disease symptoms using bioassays and fulfilment of Koch’s postulates have been verified only for a few pathogens, including V. dahliae , F. sporotrichioides , F. acuminatum , F. oxysporum , F. camptoceras , Stigmina sp., and Lepteutypa sp. [ 11 ]. However, surprisingly, we did not find any reports of viruses infecting H. rhamnoides .…”