Sea Level on the U.S. East Coast: Decadal Variability Caused by Open Ocean Wind-Curl Forcing

Hong, B. G.; Sturges, Wilton; Clarke, Allan J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2088:slotus>2.0.co;2

Cited by 74 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2g,h). The coastal sea level in this region is influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical gyre 25 . An extreme sea-level fall (B À 3s) occurred in 1949, following a rapid and continuous SLR during much of the 1940s.…”

Section: Tg Records Sea Level Along the East Coast Of The United Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4a) and an extreme negative NAO index 27 . Both winds 20,23,25 and the AMOC 4,5,18,21 can cause sealevel variability and change along the NE coast of North America on various time scales. After removing the seasonal cycle, the monthly NE sea-level composite shows a good correlation (R ¼ 0.78; 2-month lag) with the AMOC index (Fig.…”

Section: Tg Records Sea Level Along the East Coast Of The United Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An extreme event of sea-level rise along the Northeast coast of North America in 2009–2010

et al. 2015

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The coastal sea levels along the Northeast Coast of North America show significant yearto-year fluctuations in a general upward trend. The analysis of long-term tide gauge records identified an extreme sea-level rise (SLR) event during 2009-10. Within this 2-year period, the coastal sea level north of New York City jumped by 128 mm. This magnitude of interannual SLR is unprecedented (a 1-in-850 year event) during the entire history of the tide gauge records. Here we show that this extreme SLR event is a combined effect of two factors: an observed 30% downturn of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during 2009-10, and a significant negative North Atlantic Oscillation index. The extreme nature of the 2009-10 SLR event suggests that such a significant downturn of the Atlantic overturning circulation is very unusual. During the twenty-first century, climate models project an increase in magnitude and frequency of extreme interannual SLR events along this densely populated coast.

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Section: Tg Records Sea Level Along the East Coast Of The United Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tg Records Sea Level Along the East Coast Of The United Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

An extreme event of sea-level rise along the Northeast coast of North America in 2009–2010

et al. 2015

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“…Observational analyses combined with model experiments have been carried out to understand their causes. In the western North Atlantic and along the US east coast, existing studies suggest the dominance of wind stress curl over the basin interior in driving westward-propagating Rossby waves, affecting interannual and decadal (periods [3 years) sea level variability from 18°N to 38°N (e.g., Sturges and Hong 1995;Hong et al 2000;Thompson and Mitchum 2014). The regional along-shelf wind stress is shown to be important for interannual sea level variability from Nova Scotia to North Carolina (e.g., Andres et al 2013;Woodworth et al 2014).…”

Section: Subtropical Dipole and Sea Level Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

et al. 2016

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Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include changes of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, internal modes of variability in the complex Earth's climate system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural climate modes and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific climate modes in observed sea level change patterns. In this paper, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural climate modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal variability. Relevant climate modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with climate modes. Effects of these internal modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.

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“…That is to say that one does not find a pressure variance minimum at the shelf edge in this range. Along the eastern shore of a continent, there is evidence that the interannual variations in coastal sea level are associated with the integrated [75, 3 response to wind stress curl over the adjoining open ocean (e.g., Hong, Sturgis, and Clarke 2000). Thus, although coastal sea level records are always a valid and relatively easily obtained input for predictive models, their physical interpretation varies from one frequency range to another.…”

Section: A Relevant Global Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some considerations about coastal ocean observing systems

Brink¹,

Kirincich²

2017

j mar res

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Coastal ocean observing capabilities are evolving rapidly, both in terms of sensors and in terms of the volume of information available. We discuss the aspects of the coastal ocean that make it a unique environment, both in terms of physical processes and measurement techniques. Although many global-level systems are relevant to the coastal ocean, we concentrate on treating systems that are unique to the continental shelf environment. Further, we briefly discuss examples of measurement systems that would be useful for developing and driving ocean prediction systems.

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Sea Level on the U.S. East Coast: Decadal Variability Caused by Open Ocean Wind-Curl Forcing

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

An extreme event of sea-level rise along the Northeast coast of North America in 2009–2010

An extreme event of sea-level rise along the Northeast coast of North America in 2009–2010

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Some considerations about coastal ocean observing systems

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