Sea-level response to atmospheric forcing along the north coast of Persian Gulf

Hassanzadeh, Smaeyl; Kiasatpour, Ahmad; Hosseinibalam, F.

doi:10.1007/s00703-006-0213-8

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(2020) who demonstrated that the fast rise in SST is responsible for deoxygenation in the Arabian Sea. The rate of PG sea-level rise has been increasing by 2.85 mm/y since 1993 that is supported by the work of Hassanzadeh et al. (2007) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Our finding is supported by the work of Lachkar et al (2020) who demonstrated that the fast rise in SST is responsible for deoxygenation in the Arabian Sea. The rate of PG sea-level rise has been increasing by 2.85 mm/y since 1993 that is supported by the work of Hassanzadeh et al (2007). Global average sea-level is rising at an average rate of 3.36 AE 0.4 mm yr À1 and PG sea-level rise more or less is the same (Church and White 2006;Hereher 2020).…”

Section: The Changing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Climate change: A driver of future conflicts in the Persian Gulf Region?

Beni

Marriner

Sharifi³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Ongoing global change and its direct environmental impacts, in addition to securing economic transition to the post-oil era, could trigger complex socio-economic and political crises in oil-dependent economies of the Persian Gulf Region (PGR). To evaluate the role of climate change and related policies in degrading the environment and its socio-economic impacts in the PGR, we have used a variety of available global datasets and published data. The results show that the countries of the PGR pursue some types of socio-economic reforms to alleviate the impacts of climate change. However, it seems that these attempts are not compatible with the environment's capacity. The main problem stems from the fact that political differences between the PGR nations prevent them from managing the Persian Gulf environment as an integrated natural system and consequently they have to limit their efforts within their borders, regardless of what happens in other parts of the system. The shift to alternative revenue sources by the countries needs socioeconomic preparedness while there are environmental obstacles, political tensions and geopolitical rivalries. Unless there is a cooperative approach to mitigate the effects of climate change, accompanied by a reorientation of PGR economies, the situation is likely to worsen rather than improve. To address the challenges of climate change, integrated regional collaborations are needed. Collective action, such as more investment in regional research and development and education, is required if the PGR is to successfully transition from a commodity-based to a knowledge-based economy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: The Changing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 79%

Climate change: A driver of future conflicts in the Persian Gulf Region?

Beni

Marriner

Sharifi³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These authors argue that 75% of the seasonal variance in sea level reflects an inverted-barometer response to a ;10-mb-amplitude seasonal cycle (1 mb 5 1 hPa) in local surface air pressure, and that the remaining 25% of seasonal variance represents steric variability owing to density fluctuations. Other studies targeting different regions, tide gauges, and time periods confirm this basic result that invertedbarometer and steric effects make primary and secondary contributions, respectively, to the large-scale seasonal cycle in Persian Gulf sea level, but also suggest that local wind effects are important in some places (Al-Subhi 2010; Barzandeh et al 2018;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Sultan et al 2000). Alothman et al (2014) interrogate monthly relative sea level over 1979-2007 based on 15 tide gauge records from Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, along with measurements of vertical land motion from six global positioning system (GPS) stations in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Past studies use satellite altimetry and tide gauges to study seasonal cycles and decadal trends in the Persian Gulf (Al-Subhi 2010; Alothman et al 2014;Ayhan 2020;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Siddig et al 2019;Sultan et al 1995aSultan et al , 2000.…”

Section: Horizontal Scales and Vertical Structure Of Z Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies on Persian Gulf mean sea level largely focus on seasonal cycles and decadal trends (Al-Subhi 2010;Alothman et al 2014;Ayhan 2020;Barzandeh et al 2018;El-Gindy 1991;El-Gindy and Eid 1997;Hassanzadeh et al 2007;Hosseinibalam et al 2007;Sharaf El Din 1990;Siddig et al 2019;Sultan et al 1995aSultan et al , 2000. Sultan et al (1995a) consider monthly relative sea level during 1980-90 from two tide gauges on the Saudi Arabia coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Piecuch

Fukumori

Ponte

2021

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Satellite observations are used to establish the dominant magnitudes, scales, and mechanisms of intraseasonal variability in ocean dynamic sea level () in the Persian Gulf over 2002–2015. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to altimetry data reveals a basin-wide, single-signed intraseasonal fluctuation that contributes importantly to variance in the Persian Gulf at monthly to decadal timescales. An EOF analysis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations over the same period returns a similar large-scale mode of intraseasonal variability, suggesting that the basin-wide intraseasonal variation has a predominantly barotropic nature. A linear barotropic theory is developed to interpret the data. The theory represents Persian-Gulf-average () in terms of local freshwater flux, barometric pressure, and wind stress forcing, as well as at the boundary in the Gulf of Oman. The theory is tested using a multiple linear regression with these freshwater flux, barometric pressure, wind stress, and boundary quantities as input, and as output. The regression explains 70%±79% (95% confidence interval) of the intraseasonal variance. Numerical values of regression coefficients computed empirically from the data are consistent with theoretical expectations from first principles. Results point to a substantial non-isostatic response to surface loading. The Gulf of Oman boundary condition shows lagged correlation with upstream along the Indian Subcontinent, Maritime Continent, and equatorial Indian Ocean, suggesting a large-scale Indian-Ocean influence on intraseasonal variation mediated by coastal and equatorial waves, and hinting at potential predictability. This study highlights the value of GRACE for understanding sea level in an understudied marginal sea.

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Intraseasonal Sea-Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Piecuch

Fukumori

Ponte

2020

Preprint

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Satellite observations are used to establish the dominant magnitudes, scales, and mechanisms of intraseasonal variability in ocean dynamic sea level (z) in the Persian Gulf over 2002-15. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to altimetry data reveals a basinwide, single-signed intraseasonal fluctuation that contributes importantly to z variance in the Persian Gulf at monthly to decadal time scales. An EOF analysis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations over the same period returns a similar large-scale mode of intraseasonal variability, suggesting that the basinwide intraseasonal z variation has a predominantly barotropic nature. A linear barotropic theory is developed to interpret the data. The theory represents Persian Gulf average z (z) in terms of local freshwater flux, barometric pressure, and wind stress forcing, as well as z at the boundary in the Gulf of Oman. The theory is tested using a multiple linear regression with these freshwater flux, barometric pressure, wind stress, and boundary z quantities as input and z as output. The regression explains 70% 6 9% (95% confidence interval) of the intraseasonal z variance. Numerical values of regression coefficients computed empirically from the data are consistent with theoretical expectations from first principles. Results point to a substantial nonisostatic response to surface loading. The Gulf of Oman z boundary condition shows lagged correlation with z upstream along the Indian subcontinent, Maritime Continent, and equatorial Indian Ocean, suggesting a large-scale Indian Ocean influence on intraseasonal z variation mediated by coastal and equatorial waves and hinting at potential predictability. This study highlights the value of GRACE for understanding sea level in an understudied marginal sea.

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Sea-level response to atmospheric forcing along the north coast of Persian Gulf

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Climate change: A driver of future conflicts in the Persian Gulf Region?

Climate change: A driver of future conflicts in the Persian Gulf Region?

Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

Intraseasonal Sea-Level Variability in the Persian Gulf

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