Sea lice population and sex differences in P-glycoprotein expression and emamectin benzoate resistance on salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada

Igboeli, Okechukwu O.; Burka, John F.; Fast, Mark D.

doi:10.1002/ps.3620

Cited by 37 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Also indicating a lack of costs, Atlantic Canada L. salmonis remained highly resistant over three generations without continued selection (Igboeli et al. ). Intermediate hybrid sensitivity suggests polygenic resistance (Espedal et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) and reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) to profile gene expression responses of sensitive Pacific lice to EMB (0, 10, 25, 50 ppb) and to compare baseline and induced (0, 0.1, 25, 300, 1000 ppb) expression differences between sensitive and resistant Atlantic lice (Igboeli et al. ). Sex‐specific differences in EMB resistance have been identified (Westcott et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomic responses to emamectin benzoate in Pacific and Atlantic Canada salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of drug resistance

Sutherland

Poley

Igboeli

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis are an ecologically and economically important parasite of wild and farmed salmon. In Scotland, Norway, and Eastern Canada, L. salmonis have developed resistance to emamectin benzoate (EMB), one of the few parasiticides available for salmon lice. Drug resistance mechanisms can be complex, potentially differing among populations and involving multiple genes with additive effects (i.e., polygenic resistance). Indicators of resistance development may enable early detection and countermeasures to avoid the spread of resistance. Here, we collect sensitive Pacific L. salmonis and sensitive and resistant Atlantic L. salmonis from salmon farms, propagate in laboratory (F1), expose to EMB in bioassays, and evaluate either baseline (Atlantic only) or induced transcriptomic differences between populations. In all populations, induced responses were minor and a cellular stress response was not identified. Pacific lice did not upregulate any genes in response to EMB, but downregulated degradative enzymes and transport proteins at 50 ppb EMB. Baseline differences between sensitive and now resistant Atlantic lice were much greater than responses to exposures. All resistant lice overexpressed degradative enzymes, and resistant males, the most resistant group, overexpressed collagenases to the greatest extent. These results indicate an accumulation of baseline expression differences related to resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic responses to emamectin benzoate in Pacific and Atlantic Canada salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of drug resistance

Sutherland

Poley

Igboeli

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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show abstract

“…An increased expression of the ABC transporters was observed in populations of A. aegypti resistant to pyrethroids, thus marking these genes as potential indicators of a reduction in sensitivity to this type of chemical (Bariami et al, 2012). Of the ABC transporters, the Pglycoprotein (P-gp) has been related to the generation of resistance to EMB in L. salmonis, where an overregulation of this gene was present in resistant strains (Heumann et al, 2012;Igboeli et al, 2014). The present study showed an overregulation of P-gp in C. rogercresseyi treated with azamethiphos that was significantly greater than the response obtained in adults treated with deltamethrin, thus demonstrating a strong interaction of P-gp with organophosphates.…”

Section: Contigmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transcriptome mining: Multigene panel to test delousing drug response in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi

Valenzuela-Muñoz

Gallardo‐Escárate

2016

Marine Genomics

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“…Egg strings from L. salmonis were harvested from sea cage cultured Atlantic salmon (New Brunswick, Canada) from the BMA2A region (this region contains lice with elevated emamectin benzoate (EMB) resistance; Igboeli et al 2014) and were aerated in 13°C saltwater collected from the sea cage site and maintained at the Atlantic Animal Facility, Atlantic Veterinary College at 33-36 salinity through 10% daily water changes until nauplii hatched and molted to copepodids (∼6-8 d).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–parasite transcriptomics during immunostimulant-enhanced rejection of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Sutherland

Covello

Friend

et al. 2017

FACETS

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Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are important ectoparasites of wild and farmed salmonids and cause major losses to the salmon farming industry throughout the Northern Hemisphere. With the emergence of resistance to several commonly used parasiticides, novel control strategies and integration of multiple treatment options are needed, including host immunostimulation. Here, we investigate the effects of a functional feed containing a peptidoglycan and nucleotide formulation on L. salmonis infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by characterizing lice infection levels, the expression of several host immune genes, and the parasite transcriptomic response to the immunostimulated host. Although initial infection intensities were low, the low dose (LD) immunostimulant diet reduced the total lice burden by 50% relative to controls. Immunostimulant fed hosts upregulated interleukin-1β in the skin and spleen. This gene has been implicated in successful responses of several salmonid species to salmon lice but is typically not observed in Atlantic salmon, suggesting a favorable influence on the immune response. Lice infecting LD immunostimulated salmon overexpressed genes putatively involved in parasite immunity, including carboxylesterases, and underexpressed genes putatively involved in feeding (e.g., proteases). These lice response genes further improve the characterization of the transcriptome of the non-model parasite by identifying genes potentially involved in evading host immunity.

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Sea lice population and sex differences in P-glycoprotein expression and emamectin benzoate resistance on salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada

Abstract: Sea lice bioassay and P-gp mRNA studies can be used to track EMB resistance and sex differences in EMB sensitivity and P-gp mRNA levels exist in the parasite.

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

Transcriptomic responses to emamectin benzoate in Pacific and Atlantic Canada salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of drug resistance

Transcriptomic responses to emamectin benzoate in Pacific and Atlantic Canada salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of drug resistance

Transcriptome mining: Multigene panel to test delousing drug response in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi

Host–parasite transcriptomics during immunostimulant-enhanced rejection of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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