Sea Surface Temperature of the mid-Piacenzian Ocean: A Data-Model Comparison

Dowsett, Harry J.; Foley, Kevin M.; Stoll, Danielle K.; Chandler, Mark A.; Sohl, Linda E.; Bentsen, Mats; Otto‐Bliesner, Bette L.; Bragg, Fran; Chan, Wing‐Le; Contoux, Camille; Dolan, Aisling M.; Haywood, Alan M.; Jonas, J.; Jost, Anne; Kamae, Youichi; Lohmann, Gerrit; Lunt, Daniel J.; Nisancioglu, Kerim H.; Abe‐Ouchi, Ayako; Ramstein, Gilles; Riesselman, C. R.; Robinson, Marci M.; Rosenbloom, Nan; Salzmann, Ulrich; Stepanek, Christian; Strother, Stephanie L.; Ueda, Hiroaki; Yan, Qing; Zhang, Zhongshi

doi:10.1038/srep02013

Cited by 153 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Numerous independent proxy data for the Pliocene (Haywood et al, 2016a) suggested predominant warming over the North Atlantic and the Arctic region and wetter climate over land (Salzmann et al, 2008). The climate simulations under the PlioMIP1 tended to underestimate the warming over the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes Dowsett et al, 2012Dowsett et al, , 2013 although the latitudinal warming gradient was reproduced qualitatively. Hill et al (2014) pointed out a robust contribution of surface albedo due to changes in vegetation and ice sheets and ice-albedo feedbacks (sea ice and snow) to the warming amplifications over the polar regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Note that the PRISM4 SST reconstruction is not updated (Dowsett et al, 2016) since PRISM3D. The SST reconstruction is characterized as extremely high SST in the North Atlantic high latitude, low-to-mid-latitude warming gradient (limited change in the tropics and warming in the middle latitude, respectively), and remarkable warming in mid-latitude coastal areas (off the west coast of North America and South America, and off the east coast of the Eurasian Continent; Dowsett et al, 2009Dowsett et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Data-model Comparison Of Sstmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

2016

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Abstract. Accumulations of global proxy data are essential steps for improving reliability of climate model simulations for the Pliocene warming climate. In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP2), a part project of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4, boundary forcing data have been updated from the PlioMIP phase 1 due to recent advances in understanding of oceanic, terrestrial and cryospheric aspects of the Pliocene palaeoenvironment. In this study, sensitivities of Pliocene climate simulations to the newly archived boundary conditions are evaluated by a set of simulations using an atmosphereocean coupled general circulation model, MRI-CGCM2.3. The simulated Pliocene climate is warmer than pre-industrial conditions for 2.4 • C in global mean, corresponding to 0.6 • C warmer than the PlioMIP1 simulation by the identical climate model. Revised orography, lakes, and shrunk ice sheets compared with the PlioMIP1 lead to local and remote influences including snow and sea ice albedo feedback, and poleward heat transport due to the atmosphere and ocean that result in additional warming over middle and high latitudes. The amplified higher-latitude warming is supported qualitatively by the proxy evidences, but is still underestimated quantitatively. Physical processes responsible for the global and regional climate changes should be further addressed in future studies under systematic intermodel and data-model comparison frameworks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Data-model Comparison Of Sstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

2016

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“…The ocean component MPI-OM (Marsland et al, 2003), including the dynamics of sea ice formulated using viscous-plastic rheology (Hibler, 1979), has an average horizontal resolution of 3 Â 1.8 with 40 uneven vertical layers. The climate model was previously utilized to analyse the climate of the last millennium (Jungclaus et al, 2010), the last glacial (Zhang et al, , 2014 and the last interglacial period (Varma et al, 2012;, as well as warm climates of the Miocene (Knorr et al, 2011;Knorr and Lohmann, 2014) and the Pliocene (Stepanek and Lohmann, 2012;Dowsett et al, 2013). To evaluate the corresponding changes in SIC, two sensitivity experiments with high and low solar radiation anomalies (1367 ± 3 W/m 2 ) were performed under pre-industrial (PI) conditions.…”

Section: Model Description and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar forcing as an important trigger for West Greenland sea-ice variability over the last millennium

Sha

Jiang

Seidenkrantz

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tArctic sea ice represents an important component of the climate system, and the present reduction of sea ice in the Arctic is of major concern. Despite its importance, little is known about past changes in sea-ice cover and the underlying forcing mechanisms. Here, we use diatom assemblages from a marine sediment core collected from the West Greenland shelf to reconstruct changes in sea-ice cover over the last millennium. The proxy-based reconstruction demonstrates a generally strong link between changes in sea-ice cover and solar variability during the last millennium. Weaker (or stronger) solar forcing may result in the increase (or decrease) in sea-ice cover west of Greenland. In addition, model simulations show that variations in solar activity not only affect local sea-ice formation, but also control the sea-ice transport from the Arctic Ocean through a sea-iceeoceaneatmosphere feedback mechanism. The role of solar forcing, however, appears to have been more ambiguous during an interval around AD 1500, after the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age, likely to be driven by a range of factors.

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“…Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were up to 8 • C warmer than at present in the Nordic Seas as opposed to only ∼ 2-4 • C in the midlatitudes . The amplified warming has been suggested to be related to an enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) (see, e.g., Dowsett et al, 2013;Robinson, 2009). However, model simulations indicate a similarto-present AMOC during the mPWP, supporting the notion that the amplified warming in the Nordic Seas was a result of increased radiative forcing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Little is known about the terrestrial response of high-latitude Scandinavian vegetation to the warmerthan-present climate of the late Pliocene (Piacenzian, 3.60-2.58 Ma). In order to assess Piacenzian terrestrial climate variability, we present the first high-resolution reconstruction of vegetation and climate change in northern Norway between 3.6 and 3.14 Ma. The reconstructions are derived from pollen assemblages in the marine sediments of ODP Hole 642B, Norwegian Sea (67 • N). The palynological assemblages provide a unique record of latitudinal and altitudinal shifting of the forest boundaries, with vegetation alternating between cool temperate forest during warmerthan-present intervals and boreal forest similar to today during cooler intervals. The northern boundary of the nemoral to boreonemoral forest zone was displaced at least 4-8 • further north, and warmest-month temperatures were 6-14.5 • C higher than at present during warm phases. Warm climatic conditions persisted during the earliest Piacenzian (ca. 3.6-3.47 Ma) with diverse cool temperate nemoral to boreonemoral forests growing in the lowlands of the Scandinavian mountains. A distinct cooling event at ca. 3.47 Ma resulted in a southward shift of vegetation zones, leading to the predominance of boreal forest and the development of open, low alpine environments. The cooling culminated around 3.3 Ma, coinciding with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2. Warmer climate conditions returned after ca. 3.29 Ma, with higher climate variability indicated by the repeated expansion of forests and peatlands during warmer and cooler periods, respectively. Climate progressively cooled after 3.18 Ma, resembling climatic conditions during MIS M2. A high variability of Norwegian vegetation and climate changes during the Piacenzian is superimposed on a long-term cooling trend. This cooling was accompanied by an expansion of Sphagnum peatlands that potentially contributed to the decline in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at the end of the Piacenzian warm period and facilitated ice growth through positive vegetation-snow albedo feedbacks. Correlations with other Northern Hemisphere vegetation records suggest hemisphere-wide effects of climate cooling.

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Sea Surface Temperature of the mid-Piacenzian Ocean: A Data-Model Comparison

Cited by 153 publications

References 70 publications

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

Solar forcing as an important trigger for West Greenland sea-ice variability over the last millennium

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

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