Sea Surface Temperature Trends in the Coastal Zone of British Columbia, Canada

Amos, Carl L.; Martino, Simone; Sutherland, Tara D.; Rashidi, T. Al

doi:10.2112/jcoastres-d-14-00114.1

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate indices provided a tractable method to broadly compare conditions in this study; however, within the Salish Sea they do not correlate as tightly to temperature, and presumably other oceanographic conditions, as along shorelines on the exposed coast [ 123 – 125 ]. Also, the Salish Sea has experienced higher magnitude increases over recent decades in SST than along the adjacent exposed coastline and global averages [ 123 – 125 ]. One hypothesis, which we lack the data to test, is that Nereocystis losses in SPS occurred as a series of contractions in response to discrete climate events and other stressor pulses, with recovery between these events limited by long-term temperature increases, other ongoing stressors, and increasing distance between spore sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea

Berry

Mumford²,

Christiaen

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Kelp forests form an important biogenic habitat that responds to natural and human drivers. Global concerns exist about threats to kelp forests, yet long-term information is limited and research suggests that trends are geographically distinct. We examined distribution of the bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana over 145 years in South Puget Sound (SPS), a semi-protected inner basin in a fjord estuary complex in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We synthesized 48 historical and modern Nereocystis surveys and examined presence/absence within 1-km segments along 452 km of shoreline. Compared to the earliest baseline in 1878, Nereocystis extent in 2017 decreased 63%, with individual sub-basins showing up to 96% loss. Losses have persisted for decades, across a range of climate conditions. In recent decades, Nereocystis predominantly occurred along shorelines with intense currents and mixing, where temperature and nutrient concentrations did not reach thresholds for impacts to Nereocystis performance, and high current speeds likely excluded grazers. Losses predominated in areas with elevated temperature, lower nutrient concentrations, and relatively low current velocities. The pattern of long-term losses in SPS contrasts with stability in floating kelp abundance during the last century in an area of the Salish Sea with greater wave exposure and proximity to oceanic conditions. These findings support the hypothesis that kelp beds along wave-sheltered shorelines exhibit greater sensitivity to environmental stressors. Additionally, shorelines with strong currents and deep-water mixing may provide refugia within sheltered systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea

Berry

Mumford²,

Christiaen

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…We analyzed air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) from nearby lighthouses to assess whether temperature increases from gradual heating on the west coast of British Columbia [ 40 ] or persistent anomalies such as the 2013–2016 heatwave [ 20 , 21 , 41 ] have influenced thermal conditions in our study region. Air temperature data were taken from Cape Beale Lighthouse at the southern opening of Barkley Sound, and SST data were taken from Amphitrite Lighthouse at the northern opening of Barkley Sound.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found substantial changes in the diversity of Barkley Sound kelp communities and widespread declines in the abundance of many kelp species. We discuss potential drivers and consequences of changes in kelp communities as they relate to gradual warming [ 40 ], the recent marine heatwave [ 20 , 21 , 41 ] and possible changes in trophic dynamics [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental heterogeneity mediates scale-dependent declines in kelp diversity on intertidal rocky shores

et al. 2019

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Biodiversity loss is driven by interacting factors operating at different spatial scales. Yet, there remains uncertainty as to how fine-scale environmental conditions mediate biological responses to broad-scale stressors. We surveyed intertidal rocky shore kelp beds situated across a local gradient of wave action and evaluated changes in kelp diversity and abundance after more than two decades of broad scale stressors, most notably the 2013–2016 heat wave. Across all sites, species were less abundant on average in 2017 and 2018 than during 1993–1995 but changes in kelp diversity were dependent on wave exposure, with wave exposed habitats remaining stable and wave sheltered habitats experiencing near complete losses of kelp diversity. In this way, wave exposed sites have acted as refugia, maintaining regional kelp diversity despite widespread local declines. Fucoids, seagrasses and two stress-tolerant kelp species (Saccharina sessilis, Egregia menziesii) did not decline as observed in other kelps, and the invasive species Sargassum muticum increased significantly at wave sheltered sites. Long-term monitoring data from a centrally-located moderate site suggest that kelp communities were negatively impacted by the recent heatwave which may have driven observed losses throughout the region. Wave-sheltered shores, which saw the largest declines, are a very common habitat type in the Northeast Pacific and may be especially sensitive to losses in kelp diversity and abundance, with potential consequences for coastal productivity. Our findings highlight the importance of fine-scale environmental heterogeneity in mediating biological responses and demonstrate how incorporating differences between habitat patches can be essential to capturing scale-dependent biodiversity loss across the landscape.

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“…Researchers estimate that before 2040 over three-quarter of world population will live within 100 km of a coast [4][5][6]. Along with population, the coastal zone features an exponential increase in infrastructure density [7]. The urban sprawl within 200 km wide coastal lowlands is observed worldwide [8; 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal regions as innovation gateways: the new industrialization development trajectory

Mikhaylov¹,

Mikhaylova²,

Savchina³

2019

Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific Conference on New Industrialization: Global, National, Regional Dimension (SICN

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Coastal regions are conceived as innovation gateways. Being open to the world the territories adjacent to marine and ocean coasts absorb latest trends in technologies, techniques, business models, and other advancements. The full spectrum of innovative solutions are transmitted upcountry after being assimilated with respect to regional and national legislation, business culture, available resources, market expectations and other particularities of the territorial community. Exclave position of a region imposes restrictions to the process of knowledge and innovation diffusion, resulting from both its spatial isolation and differences in properties of the regional innovation system from the national innovation system domain. The study focuses on new industrialization of the Kaliningrad region, which by the end of 1991 during perestroika became an isolated part of Russia -the enclave on the Baltic Sea. The paper provides an in-depth case study on regional innovation system dynamics of the Kaliningrad region. The study concludes with policy implications on resetting the innovation gateway role of the region

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Sea Surface Temperature Trends in the Coastal Zone of British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

Long-term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea

Long-term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea

Environmental heterogeneity mediates scale-dependent declines in kelp diversity on intertidal rocky shores

Coastal regions as innovation gateways: the new industrialization development trajectory

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