Sea water desalination: A newly discovered cause of iodine deficiency

Boroje, Isabella J.; Koren, Gideon; Lamm, Steven H.

doi:10.1002/bdr2.1337

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As part of the solution, sea water is being desalinated in an increasing number of countries, supplying approximately 118 cubic meters a day for more than 300 million people globally [7,17,18]. Israel is a pioneer in seawater desalination, where 80% of the drinking water comes from DIDW (based on accumulated annual reported proportion [7,19,20]). Desalination is an important means to address the global water scarcity [18].…”

Section: The Desalination Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inadequate iodine status is common among PW worldwide [5][6][7]. Out of 72 countries with data on iodine status based on median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC), approximately 54% are classified as ID, including countries in developed regions [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons for the substantial ID found in Israeli PW are not fully understood. Recent data from the INIS suggest that national ID may be attributed, in part, to substantial reliance on iodine-diluted desalinated water (DIDW) [7,9]. The INIS researchers also noted that IS availability and historical reporting of ICS intake was low [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing prevalence of water desalination globally [17] highlights the importance of data regarding the impact of habitual dietary iodine intake on iodine status [7,17,18]. Such information may be crucial in areas with DIDW reliance, which may diminish iodine intake [7,19]. Israel relies extensively on DIDW [7,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such information may be crucial in areas with DIDW reliance, which may diminish iodine intake [7,19]. Israel relies extensively on DIDW [7,20]. The case of Israel's Ashkelon sub-district can be instructive, because stable estimates of DIDW exposure were available for this sub-district [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Low intake of iodized salt and iodine containing supplements among pregnant women with apparently insufficient iodine status - time to change policy?

Rosen

Ovadia

Anteby

et al. 2020

Isr J Health Policy Res

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Background: Iodine is an essential nutrient for human health throughout the life cycle, especially during early stages of intrauterine life and infancy, to ensure adequate neurocognitive development. The growing global reliance on desalinated iodine-diluted water raises the specter of increased iodine deficiency in several regions. The case of Israel may be instructive for exploring the link between iodine status and habitual iodine intake in the setting of extensive national reliance on desalinated water. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between iodine intake, including iodized salt and iodine-containing supplements intake, and iodine status among pregnant women residing in a sub-district of Israel that is highly reliant on desalinated iodine-diluted water. Methods: A total of 134 consecutive pregnant women were recruited on a voluntary basis from the obstetrics department of the Barzilai University Medical Center during 2018. Blood was drawn from participants to determine levels of serum thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroglobulin (Tg). An iodine food frequency questionnaire (sIFFQ) was used to assess iodine intake from food, IS and ICS. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic and health characteristics. Results: A total of 105 pregnant women without known or reported thyroid disease were included in the study. Elevated Tg values (≥ 13 μg/L), were found among 67% of participants, indicating insufficient iodine status. The estimated iodine intake (median, mean ± SD 189, 187 ± 106 μg/d by sIFFQ) was lower than the levels recommended by the World Health Organization and the Institute of Medicine (250 vs. 220 μg/day respectively). The prevalence of iodized salt intake and iodine containing supplement intake were 4 and 52% (respectively). Values of Tg > 13 μg/L were inversely associated with compliance with World Health Organization and Institute of Medicine recommendations.

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Section: The Desalination Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%