The catalytic role of iodine excess in loss of homeostasis in autoimmune thyroiditis

Duntas, Leonidas H.

doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000425

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To begin with, a recent study found that carbonic anhydrase (CA) is genetically related to TgAb ( 47 ). Decreased CA activity may induce the production of TgAb via high levels of iodine uptake ( 48 ). CA is the main diver of hepatic gluconeogenesis and de novo lipogenesis by providing HCO3- for the first reaction ( 49 , 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with thyroid hormones (THs), immunity, and inflammation status, but few studies involved thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to evaluate the role of THs, thyroid autoantibodies, inflammatory biomarkers in MAFLD, its cofactors, and other possible determinants.Materials and MethodsIn the study, a total of 424 Chinese patients were selected and categorized as non-MAFLD and MAFLD. Serum thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibody and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured. The data of blood pressure, the serum lipid profile, glucose and liver enzymes were collected. The differences and association between research findings were examined and analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, One-Way ANOVA test and Multiple Logistic Regression models.ResultsThe study showed significant increase in the prevalence of MAFLD with high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (P < 0.01) and abnormal high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (P < 0.01). The proportion of MAFLD patients decreased significantly with the rise of free thyroxine (FT4) (P = 0.04), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) (P < 0.01), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (P < 0.01), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) levels (P < 0.01). Based on logistic regression analysis, MAFLD was significantly associated with lower levels of TgAb (P < 0.01), TPOAb (P < 0.01), and higher levels of hsCRP (P < 0.01) in male. In female, elevated TgAb (P < 0.01) may be a protective factor, while higher levels of hsCRP (P < 0.01) showed increased risk of MAFLD. Logistic models were adjusted for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, HDL.ConclusionsTaken together, TgAb may be a potential protective factor for MAFLD and elevated hsCRP level should be considered as an independent risk factor for MAFLD in both genders. TPOAb also demonstrated protective effect, but only in male. The prevalence of MAFLD increased with higher TSH levels and lower FT4, TRAb levels, but no significant association were found. However, Our findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of MAFLD by further investigating the impact of THs, thyroid autoimmunity, and inflammation on MAFLD patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, other studies report no increase or a reduction in thyroid autoimmunity with time following fortification . The analysis of epidemiological data from a mildly iodine‐deficient population in Tasmania found no association between iodine supplementation and an increase of thyroid autoimmunity between 1995 and 2013 …”

Section: Thyroid Disorders Associated With Iodine Excessmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, other studies report no increase or a reduction in thyroid autoimmunity with time following fortification. 113,154,[156][157][158] The analysis of epidemiological data from a mildly iodinedeficient population in Tasmania found no association between iodine supplementation and an increase of thyroid autoimmunity between 1995 and 2013. 158 Improved diagnostic criteria and increasing the use of screening technologies for the thyroid (particularly thyroid ultrasound) have led to increased detection of mild thyroid disorders; this has likely contributed to an increase in the incidence of thyroid disorders and biased comparison over time.…”

Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In susceptible individuals, both reactions may be heightened with excessive iodine exposure, or abrupt increases in iodine intake in endemic deficiency, particularly if Tg titers are elevated, which is typical under both conditions . The development of thyroid autoimmunity has been thoroughly reviewed elsewhere …”

Section: Human Biomarkers Of Iodine Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89 The development of thyroid autoimmunity has been thoroughly reviewed elsewhere. [113][114][115] While data from human studies are conflicting, they suggest that iodine intake may be a stronger predictor for elevated TgAb in the presence of genetic susceptibility (increased in Caucasian female populations, see Ref. 114) and relative environmental factors (e.g., infections or exposure to environmental toxins, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, see Ref.…”

Section: Thyroid Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

Farebrother

Zimmermann

Andersson

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

204

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. High iodine intakes are well tolerated by most healthy individuals, but in some people, excess iodine intakes may precipitate hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, and/or thyroid autoimmunity. Individuals with preexisting thyroid disease or those previously exposed to iodine deficiency may be more susceptible to thyroid disorders due to an increase in iodine intake, in some cases at intakes only slightly above physiological needs. Thyroid dysfunction due to excess iodine intake is usually mild and transient, but iodine‐induced hyperthyroidism can be life‐threatening in some individuals. At the population level, excess iodine intakes may arise from consumption of overiodized salt, drinking water, animal milk rich in iodine, certain seaweeds, iodine‐containing dietary supplements, and from a combination of these sources. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of a population reflects the total iodine intake from all sources and can accurately identify populations with excessive iodine intakes. Our review describes the association between excess iodine intake and thyroid function. We outline potential sources of excess iodine intake and the physiological responses and consequences of excess iodine intakes. We provide guidance on choice of biomarkers to assess iodine intake, with an emphasis on the UIC and thyroglobulin.

show abstract

Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor—a role of oxidative stress

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. However, overtreatment with iodine can unfavorably affect thyroid physiology. The aim of this review is to present the evidence that iodine—when in excess—can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and, therefore, can act as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), and that this action, as well as other abnormalities in the thyroid, occurs—at least partially—via oxidative stress. Methods We reviewed published studies on iodine as a potential EDC, with particular emphasis on the phenomenon of oxidative stress. Results This paper summarizes current knowledge on iodine excess in the context of its properties as an EDC and its effects on oxidative processes. Conclusion Iodine does fulfill the criteria of an EDC because it is an exogenous chemical that interferes—when in excess—with thyroid hormone synthesis. However, this statement cannot change general rules regarding iodine supply, which means that iodine deficiency should be still eliminated worldwide and, at the same time, iodine excess should be avoided. Universal awareness that iodine is a potential EDC would make consumers more careful regarding their diet and what they supplement in tablets, and—what is of great importance—it would make caregivers choose iodine-containing medications (or other chemicals) more prudently. It should be stressed that compared to iodine deficiency, iodine in excess (acting either as a potential EDC or via other mechanisms) is much less harmful in such a sense that it affects only a small percentage of sensitive individuals, whereas the former affects whole populations; therefore, it causes endemic consequences.

show abstract

The catalytic role of iodine excess in loss of homeostasis in autoimmune thyroiditis

Abstract: To provide an overview of the studies conducted during the last few years implicating iodine in the development and manifestation of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor

The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor

Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor—a role of oxidative stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About