Search for Magnetic Monopoles

Kolm, Henry H.; Villa, F.; Odian, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.4.1285

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It was assumed that a similar onset of nonmagnetic capture would occur for ferritin-labeled cells, and the density of wire in the columns was kept low, accordingly. An additional practical consideration was that 25-,gm diam wire was used because of its availability, even though theory (22, 23) and one experimental demonstration (24) have suggested that the optimum diameter would probably be [12][13][14][15] ,m if such wire were available in an alloy that was at least as magnetizable as the larger wire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferritin as a label for high-gradient magnetic separation

Owen¹,

Lindsay²

1983

Biophysical Journal

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In three model systems, particles the size of cells or smaller have been surface labeled with ferritin to make them slightly paramagnetic, by virtue of the iron in the ferritin. In each case it was possible to show that labeled particles could be magnetically removed from a flowing suspension by the high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) technique. The first system of particles consisted of small (1 micron) carboxylate-modified latex spheres to which ferritin was covalently bound to create stable paramagnetic particles analogous to a ferritin-labeled subcellular membrane preparation. In the second system polyacrylamide beads that more closely approximated whole cells in size (5-50 microns) were labeled with immunoferritin. The third system was a biomembrane preparation: erythrocyte ghosts labeled with a ferritin-lectin conjugate. A field of 7 T (tesla) (70 kG) was used in each case, along with buffer flow rates through the HGMS column in the range 0.1-1.0 ml/min.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferritin as a label for high-gradient magnetic separation

Owen¹,

Lindsay²

1983

Biophysical Journal

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“…This search was extended using a new device to analyse 8 kg of samples from a 2.5-cm-thick ferromanganese crust formed over 16 million years in the Mid-Atlantic ridge [299]. Another similar search was performed on over 1600 kg of sediments from deeper ocean (4.4 km depth on average) [300]. Assuming that the extraction technique is efficient, these searches set a combined upper limit of 4.8 · 10 No monopoles were found in a total of 643 kg of rocks and although the study does not provide quantitative interpretations in terms of cosmic flux limits, qualitatively two conclusions can be drawn: the earlier negative results quoted above from deep-sea deposit searches are confirmed with the more robust induction technique, and the flux of cosmic monopoles that would be stopped after traversing 20 − 40 km of the Earth's crust is directly constrained.…”

Section: Oceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-collider searches for stable massive particles

et al. 2015

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The theoretical motivation for exotic stable massive particles (SMPs) and the results of SMP searches at non-collider facilities are reviewed. SMPs are defined such that they would be sufficiently long-lived so as to still exist in the cosmos either as Big Bang relics or secondary collision products, and sufficiently massive such that they are typically beyond the reach of any conceivable accelerator-based experiment. The discovery of SMPs would address a number of important questions in modern physics, such as the origin and composition of dark matter and the unification of the fundamental forces. This review outlines the scenarios predicting SMPs and the techniques used at non-collider experiments to look for SMPs in cosmic rays and bound in matter. The limits so far obtained on the fluxes and matter densities of SMPs which possess various detection-relevant properties such as electric and magnetic charge are given.

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“…But traditional monopole searches do not place significant constraints on superheavy monopoles with mass m of order 101 6 GeV. The traditional searches have relied on the strong ionization power of a relativistic monopole (108,109), or have sought monopoles trapped in the Earth's crust (110,111). But a superheavy monopole would be expected to be slowly moving and very penetrating ; it need not ionize heavily or stop in the earth (9,112,113).…”

Section: Astrophysical Constraints On the Monopole Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Monopoles

Preskill¹

1984

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

333

160

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whether gravitation becomes unified with the other particle interactions at the unification scale.The magnetic charge g of the monopole is typically the "Dirac charge" gD = 1/2e. (Magnetic charge will be defined so that the total magnetic flux emanating from a charge g is 4ng. Electric charge is defined so that the electric flux emanating from a charge e is e.) This magnetic charge is distributed over a core with a radius of order Mi l , the unification distance scale, and the mass of the monopole is comparable to the magnetostatic potential energy of the core.The unification mass scale M x varies from one grand unified model to another. But Mx can be calculated if we make a very strong assumption the "desert hypothesis"-that is, if we assume that no unexpected new inter actions or particles appear between present-day energies (of order 100 GeV) and the unifi cation scale M x. [This assumption is also the basis of the highly successful calculation (6) of the electro weak mixing angle sin 2 Ow.] From the desert hypothesis follows the prediction Mx � 1014 GeV (6); the properties of the monopole may then be summarized by

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Search for Magnetic Monopoles

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Ferritin as a label for high-gradient magnetic separation

Ferritin as a label for high-gradient magnetic separation

Non-collider searches for stable massive particles

Magnetic Monopoles

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