Search for stable heavy massive particles of positive integral charge

Alvåger, T.; Naumann, R.A.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(67)90367-x

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…V. Even in this case, it is highly improbable that any processes occurring outside of a stellar environment could alter the 'chemical' nature of any X − that exist in the form (HeX): processes than can disturb the X − chemical nature, e.g., (HeX) + N → (N X) + He will necessarily involve a Coulomb barrier similar in size to that for fusion of a proton onto a heavy nucleus N , which is not a process that happens spontaneously at any appreciable rate outside dense stellar environments. 16 Even these lighter X − thus likely remain in the form (HeX) until then enter a dense stellar environment for the first time. For lower masses still, the CHAMPs in the form (HeX) may simply collapse into the baryonic disk [49,50,52]; however, unless these CHAMPs again enter a dense stellar environment, they too likely survive as (HeX) for similar reasons.…”

Section: Mwd [M ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across large regions of their mass range, a number of strong observational constraints limit the abundance of CHAMPs to at most a small fraction of the dark matter density: for instance, limits have been considered from the absence of anomalously heavy nuclei in bulk terrestrial samples (e.g., Refs. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], and see Ref. [13] for further references), from their impact on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis [BBN] (e.g., Refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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White dwarf bounds on charged massive particles

2020

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White dwarfs effectively act as high-gain amplifiers for relatively small energy deposits within their volume via their supernova instability. In this paper, we consider the ways a galactic abundance of O(1)-charged massive relics (i.e., CHAMPs) could trigger this instability, thereby destroying old WD. The dense central core structure formed inside the WD when heavy CHAMPs sink to its center can trigger a supernova via injection of energy during collapse phases, via direct density-enhanced (pycnonuclear) fusion processes of carbon nuclei dragged into the core by the CHAMPs, or via the formation of a black hole (BH) at the center of the WD. In the latter scenario, Hawking radiation from the BH can ignite the star if the BH forms with a sufficiently small mass; if the BH instead forms at large enough mass, heating of carbon nuclei that accrete onto the BH as it grows in size may be able to achieve the same outcome (with the conservative alternative being simply that the WD is devoured by the BH). The known existence of old WD that have not been destroyed by these mechanisms allows us to improve by many orders of magnitude on the existing CHAMP abundance constraints in the regime of large CHAMP mass, mX ∼ 10 11 -10 18 GeV. Additionally, in certain regions of parameter space, we speculate that this setup could provide a trigger mechanism for the calcium-rich gap transients: a class of anomalous, sub-luminous supernova events that occur far outside of a host galaxy.

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Section: Mwd [M ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

White dwarf bounds on charged massive particles

2020

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“…Summary of searches for anomalously heavy isot1ges of various elements (Klein et al, 1981). He, Li, Be, and S0 measurements were done with a tandem (Middleton et al, 1979;Klein et al, 1981), one 2H search with a mass sep rator (Alvager and Naumann, 1967), and the other H and H searches with a cyclotron (Muller et al, 1977).…”

Section: Search For the Unknownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: From Nuclear Physics to Dating

Kutschera¹

1983

Radiocarbon

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One of my former teachers in nuclear physics, H Morinaga, once pointed out to me that essentially all the fundamental discoveries in nuclear physics were done without the use of accelerators. At first, this statement seemed extremely exaggerated, but now I think there is much truth in it. Once we build an instrument to investigate a specific problem we have already realized the existence of the problem and do not need the instrument to discover it. It is almost inevitable that the most interesting discoveries with a new technique will be made in fields for which the technique was not invented. Accelerators, built for nuclear physics, produced a great amount of data on nuclear structure and forces but the most fundamental discoveries were made in elementary particle physics. In any case, for almost 40 years the sole purpose of accelerators was to deliver beams of ever increasing energy and versatility to perform experiments after the accelerator. The analytic properties of accelerators were almost completely ignored even after the very early use of the Lawrence cyclotron at Berkeley as a mass spectrometer to discover 3He in nature (Alvarez and Cornog, 1939 a; b). The enormous analytic power of accelerators is now fully recognized, but the joy of the revival is mixed with some disappointment that the great prospects for studying 14C problems (Muller, 1977; Bennet et al, 1977; Nelson, Korteling, and Stott, 1977) have not yet been fulfilled. Fortunately, some of the papers of this conference show that a big step forward has been taken. But in view of what I said before it is not surprising that most of the studies were actually done with other radioisotopes.

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“…A basic and frequently sought SMP is an object with the elementary charge +e, denoted X + [260][261][262][263][264][265][266][267] (see Section 2.1.2). Depending on its interaction properties, this object would act as a heavy positively charged nucleon and can thus form heavy isotopes.…”

Section: Searches For Heavy Isotopes Of Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-collider searches for stable massive particles

et al. 2015

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The theoretical motivation for exotic stable massive particles (SMPs) and the results of SMP searches at non-collider facilities are reviewed. SMPs are defined such that they would be sufficiently long-lived so as to still exist in the cosmos either as Big Bang relics or secondary collision products, and sufficiently massive such that they are typically beyond the reach of any conceivable accelerator-based experiment. The discovery of SMPs would address a number of important questions in modern physics, such as the origin and composition of dark matter and the unification of the fundamental forces. This review outlines the scenarios predicting SMPs and the techniques used at non-collider experiments to look for SMPs in cosmic rays and bound in matter. The limits so far obtained on the fluxes and matter densities of SMPs which possess various detection-relevant properties such as electric and magnetic charge are given.

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Search for stable heavy massive particles of positive integral charge

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

White dwarf bounds on charged massive particles

White dwarf bounds on charged massive particles

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: From Nuclear Physics to Dating

Non-collider searches for stable massive particles

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