Abstract:The aim of this study was to analyze the ictiofaun of Cambará River, Uruguay Basin, as well as the body dimensions of the organisms. The work was accomplished in two stretches of Cambará River (2 nd order) in Cruz Alta, RS. To the accomplishment of this research were performed identifications of individuals captured in May, September and November 2009 and February 2010 by using of gillnets, which remained in water for 24 hours, being checked every eight hours (1:00 and 9:00 AM and 5:00 P.M.). Besides the gillnets, were also used trawl (mesh 1.0 mm), and fishing rods. The fish collected were cataloged and fixed in formaldehyde at 10.0% and then conserved in alcohol 70.0%. In total, 420 individuals were identified, with a richness of 26 species and eight families. The species were classified in: constant (23.08%), accessory (42.31%) and accidental (34.61%). Loricariidae (nine species and 156 individuals) and Characidae (seven species and 136 individuals) were the most typical. Among individuals collected are highlighted as more abundant: Hemiancistrus fuliginosus (89), Astyanax eigenmanniorum (50), and Rhamdia aff. quelen (44). One recorded species was of large mien (Hoplias lacerdae, with 164.92 g total weight and 23.40 cm total length), five medium sized species (98.55-164.92 g total weight and 19.56-21.50 cm total length) and 20 small species (less than 57.79 g total weight and 17.38 cm total length). The diversity was higher in hotter months, mainly between 1:00 and 9:00 A.M. The collector curve showed that still exist species of fish for being collected in Cambará River. Concluding that despite of the existence of environmental impacts in the stretch of study, it showed satisfactory diversity and richness, influenced by factors like heterogeneity of habitats and supply of allochthonouss material, as well as intrinsic factors (activity and reproduction) to the present species. Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ictiofauna do rio Cambará, Bacia do rio Uruguai, bem como as dimensões corporais de seus representantes. O trabalho foi realizado em dois trechos do rio Cambará (2ª ordem) em Cruz Alta/RS. Para a realização da pesquisa foram identificados exemplares capturados em maio, setembro e novembro de 2009 e fevereiro de 2010. Utilizaram-se redes de espera, que permaneceram expostas por 24 horas, sendo revisadas a cada oito horas (1; 9 e 17 horas). Além das malhas de espera, também se utilizou rede de arrasto (malha 1,0 mm) e varas de pesca. Os peixes coletados foram catalogados e fixados em formol a 10,0% e depois conservados em álcool 70,0%. Ao todo, identificaram-se 420 indivíduos, pertencentes a 26 espécies distribuídas em oito famílias. As espécies classificaram-se em: constantes (23,08%), acessórias (42,31%) e acidentais (34,61%). As famílias Loricariidae (nove espécies e 156 indivíduos) e Characidae (sete espécies e 136 indivíduos) foram as mais abundantes. Entre os indivíduos coletados destacam-se como mais abundantes: Hemiancistrus fuliginosus (89), Astyanax eigenmanniorum (50) e Rha...